雌、雄先型核桃品种花芽分化过程比较研究  

Comparative study on flower bud differentiation of female and male early blooming type walnut varieties

作　　者：于栋 赵钰 韩立群[2,3,4] 郭彩华 亢超 马凯 牛建新[1] YU Dong;ZHAO Yu;HAN Liqun;GUO Caihua;KANG Chao;MAKai;NIU Jianxin(Department of Horticulture,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization Corps,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Fruit Tree Scientific Observation and Test Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genome and Genetic Improvement,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院园艺系·特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]农业农村部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆园艺作物基因组与遗传改良重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第6期1054-1062,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960584,32060668)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较新疆主栽核桃品种温185与新新2号雌、雄花芽在不同时期外部形态和内部结构变化的差异以及二者的相关性。了解花芽分化机制,为新疆核桃栽培管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用石蜡切片法对雌、雄花芽进行切片观察。用解剖针解剖雌雄花芽,并观察其外部结构特点。【结果】(1)温185、新新2号雌花芽分化过程划分为:形态分化临界期、雌花分化初期、花原基分化期、花柄和雌蕊分化期、雌花形成期共5个时期。(2)温185、新新2号雄花芽形态分化过程包括雄花原基分化期、花萼和雄蕊分化期、花药分化期、雄花形成期4个时期。(3)温185、新新2号雌雄花芽外部形态大小与内部解剖结构具有相关性。【结论】温185、新新2号雌雄花芽分化时期特征基本一致,时期分化时间存在差异。从雌雄花芽外部形态特点推测内部分化时期具有可行性,可方便快速判断雌雄花芽分化状态。【Objective】Wen185 and Xinxin 2 are the main varieties of Walnut cultivated in Xinjiang.They are often used as pollination trees each other in production to ensure the yield of walnut.Researchers have done a lot on the differentiation process of male and female flower buds of a single variety,but there have been few studies on the differentiation process and characteristics of the male and female flower buds at different stages of two varieties simultaneously.We compared the changes of external morphology and internal structure of the male and female flower buds of Wen185 and Xinxin 2 at different stages,and detected the correlation between them as well.Furthermore,we elaborated the processes of the male and female flower bud differentiation to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of Xinjiang walnut.【Methods】The male and female flowers were observed by paraffin section.The internal structural characteristics of the male and female flower bud differentiation were observed by the microscope(Nikon eclipse TS2)(the image processing software is nis elements D 4.60.0064 bit,Adobe Photoshop CS6).The male and female flower buds were dissected with anatomical needles,and their external structural characteristics were observed.The data were analyzed to explore the correlation between the internal and external structural characteristics during flower bud differentiation of Wen 185 and Xinxin 2.【Results】The results showed that:(1)The female flower bud of female early blooming type variety Wen 185 and the male early blooming type variety Xinxin 2 turned into the critical stage of the female flower morphological differentiation in mid-April,and then experienced six stages:flower primordium differentiation stage,flower primordium differentiation stage,pedicel primordium differentiation stage,and perianth primordium maturation stage.There was no significant difference in the rate of the male and female primary morphological differentiation between Wen 185 and Xinxin 2.Then the female flower b

关 键 词：核桃 花芽分化 内部解剖结构 外部形态 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]