红梨新品种红酥蜜黄化原因及矫治效果研究  

Research on yellowing causes and correction efficacy in a new red-peeled pear variety Hongsumi

作　　者：苏艳丽[1] 杨健[1] 王龙[1] 王苏珂[1] 张向展 薛华柏[1] SU Yanli;YANG Jian;WANG Long;WANG Suke;ZHANG Xiangzhan;XUE Huabai(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第6期1089-1098,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YF1001404-4);新疆兵团重大科技项目(2019AA004);国家梨产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP);河南省科技攻关(202102110184)。

摘　　要：【目的】探寻红梨新品种红酥蜜树体黄化的原因及最佳治疗方案。【方法】以树体黄化的红酥蜜为试材,设3个治疗性肥料处理和黄化树、正常树2个对照,通过分析正常树、黄化树土壤中pH值和氮、有效磷、速效钾、总铁、有效铁、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰矿质元素含量的差异找出树体黄化的根本原因。选用3种新型肥料进行黄化病治疗处理,通过观察叶片颜色变化,结合分析3种处理对果实品质的影响及土壤、叶片中矿质元素含量的变化,筛选出最佳的矫治处理。【结果】碱性土壤易造成土壤有效铁、有效磷、速效钾、有效锰的缺失,土壤中有效铁含量与土壤中锰含量呈极显著正相关,与土壤中氮、有效磷、有效锌的含量呈显著正相关。红酥蜜黄化树土壤中有机质以及有效铁、有效磷、有效锌和有效铜的含量显著低于正常树。黄化树叶片中氮、总铁、活性铁、锰、锌含量与正常树差异不显著,叶片中磷、钾、铜含量显著高于正常树。土壤中有效铁含量的缺乏是红酥蜜树体黄化的直接原因,必益铁+微晶C和福绿来+海藻素处理均可显著提高土壤中有效铁的含量,对黄化树矫治效果十分显著,土壤调理剂对黄化树矫治没有效果。必益铁+微晶C处理后土壤中有效磷、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰和有效铜的含量显著高于对照。福绿来+海藻素处理后土壤中有效铁、有效铜的含量显著高于对照,果实品质最好。【结论】红酥蜜是生理性缺铁引起的黄化,用必益铁+微晶C和福绿来+海藻素进行黄化矫治效果显著。黄化树土壤中有效铁、有效磷、有效锌和有效铜含量显著低于正常树。土壤中有效铁含量与土壤中氮、有效锰、有效磷、有效锌的含量呈显著正相关。【Objective】Differences in mineral element contents in soil and leaves between the yellowing and healthy trees were compared to figure out the reason for yellowing symptoms of Hongsumi.In addition,the effects of three fertilizer treatments were screened by analyzing the changes in leaf color,fruit quality and soil mineral element contents to unravel the best management practice for reducing yellowing symptoms on Hongsumi.【Methods】Three treatments were set up on Hongsumi trees with yellowing symptoms:Treatment 1(20 g Biyi iron+20 g microcrystalline C+20 kg water),Treatment 2(20 g freeilene+20 g algin+20 kg water),and Treatment 3(200 ml soil conditioner+20 kg water).This experiment also set two controls:yellowing trees control(yellowing CK with irrigating water)and normal trees control(green CK with irrigating water).Five replicates per treatment were conducted in a single plant block design.A 30 cm deep hole was dug at 1/2 of the canopy and covered with soil after irrigating for three treatments.Soil samples(1 kg,20 to 40 cm deep)were collected around the trees before the treatments.One month after the application,photos were taken for each tree and soil samples were collected around each treatment and control tree.Meanwhile,1 kg soil sample,20 fruit samples and 30 leaf samples were randomly collected.PH value,the contents of organic matter,nitrogen,total Mn-salt,available phosphorus,available potassium,total iron,available iron,available zinc,available copper and available manganese in each soil sample were determined.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,total iron,manganese,zinc,copper and active iron in leaves were measured.The contents of single fruit weight,Vc,soluble solids,total acid and soluble sugar in fruits were evaluated.By analyzing the differences in pH value and mineral element contents in soil between normal and yellowing trees,the cause of Hongsumi yellowing symptoms was discovered.The best treatment was selected not only by observing and analyzing the changes of yellowing leaf col

关 键 词：红酥蜜梨 黄化原因 矫治 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]