从女毕业生到女保险代理人:教育流动引导的内—港跨境就业迁移  

From Female Graduates to Female Insurance Agents:Educationally Channeled Labor Mobility from the Mainland to Hong Kong

作　　者：周思媛 宋婧 ZHOU Si-yuan;SONG Jing(Gender Studies Programme,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学性别研究课程,中国香港999077

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2022年第3期58-73,共16页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“互联网创业:基于性别和空间时间结构的分析”(项目编号:41901140)的阶段性成果;世界大学联盟(Worldwide Universities Network)的资助。

摘　　要：在全球化教育流动和就业迁移的相互交织过程中,受教育水平较高的女性的跨境就业经历尚未得到足够关注。在香港和内地之间,由于保险业的跨境发展,许多来自内地的女毕业生得益于她们独特的文化资本和跨境社会关系,在香港被招募成为保险代理人。基于对32位在香港从事这一工作的内地女毕业生的访谈、参与式观察和网络民族志的研究,本文从代理人招募机制和就业动机两个角度探讨了女性在教育流动引导下的跨境就业模式。研究发现,香港地区跨境保险业的招募机制致力于吸引受教育水平较高的内地女毕业生,以拓展内地市场,同时展现她们专业、独立的精英女性形象,并强调女性温柔耐心、富有同理心等性别特质,服务行业中的性别刻板印象在有所突破的同时也被重塑。在就业动机上,这些外来女性群体能够利用教育优势和跨境机遇,冲破迁出地原生家庭的限制以追求在迁入地的就业自主性。但是,年轻女性的跨境资本转化也面临着劳动力市场中性别和地缘双重边缘化的困境,同时需要权衡家庭和事业。迁移对女性就业机会的重塑,一定程度上颠覆了传统女性服务业底层就业的刻板印象,但是女性专业和独立的工作形象依然受制于公共和私人领域性别化的劳动分工和结构性的不平等。In the increasingly interacted global trends of educational mobility and labor migration,little attention has been paid to the job-seeking and self-positioning processes among highly educated women in host societies.Given the growth of Hong Kong’s cross-border insurance business in attracting mainland clients,many female graduates with mainland backgrounds were favored for their cultural capital and cross-border connections and were recruited to be insurance agents.This study draws on interviews with 32 mainland female graduates who worked as insurance agents in Hong Kong,as well as participant observation and online ethnography,and examines their educationally channeled labor mobility,with a focus on how they were recruited and why they chose to become insurance agents.The findings indicate that Hong Kong’s cross-border insurance business tended to recruit highly educated women with mainland backgrounds as professional,independent and elite women,meanwhile with an emphasis on their patient and empathetic femininity.Such narratives restructured and reinforced gender stereotypes prevalent in service work.These highly educated women were able to utilize human capital and cross-border freedom to pursue greater autonomy in career choice against the control of natal families in places of origin.Nevertheless,these young women also faced a double marginality in the host labor market regarding gender and geography,and they still needed to balance family obligations and career aspirations over the life course.In summary,women’s cross-border mobility helped them to pursue individualistic aspirations and negotiate new career pathways,which challenged traditional gender stereotypes in low-end feminized service work,but their professional and independent workplace images were still constrained by the gendered division of labor and structural inequalities in public and private spheres.

关 键 词：女性 教育流动 就业迁移 保险代理人 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]