机床导轨爬行问题的双质体模型的仿真分析  

Simulation analysis of dual mass model of machine tool guide rail s crawling problem

作　　者：周阳[1] 兴成浩 赵娴旻 马紫音 房毅 ZHOU Yang;XING Cheng-hao;ZHAO Xian-min;MA Zi-yin;FANG Yi(Faculty of Physics,East of China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering,East of China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学物理学院,上海200237 [2]华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《机电工程》2022年第6期734-741,共8页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：华东理工大学大学生创新资助项目(X20246)。

摘　　要：爬行是机床中一种常见的不利于机床工作的现象,会直接影响机床的加工精度与品质,为了解决机床导轨的爬行问题,以提高机床的加工精度与品质,对影响机床导轨爬行问题的各类因素进行了研究。首先,在单质体爬行模型的基础上,选用了双质体传输带系统模型;然后,通过ADAMS对其进行了建模仿真;最后,对该仿真结果进行了数据处理,遵循控制变量的原则,通过逐一改变参数,得到了不同条件下物体的速度时间曲线;选择速度波动量、最大速度误差、纹波率作为爬行的评价指标,绘制了速度误差随时间的变化曲线;并计算了纹波率,进而对物体的爬行程度进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:为了有效抑制机床的爬行,可以采取减小系统质量、增加阻尼、选择最佳刚度值、增加驱动速度、减小动摩擦因数与静摩擦因数之差等方法。Crawling is a common phenomenon in machine tools,which is not conducive to the work of machine tools,and can directly affect the machining accuracy and quality of machine tools.Aiming at this problem,the factors affecting the crawling of machine tool guide rails were studied.Firstly,a breakthrough was sought on the basis of existing research on single mass crawling model.Dual mass conveyor belt system model was selected to study the crawling phenomenon.Secondly,the simulation was carried out by ADAMS.Finally,the simulation results were processed to explore and analyze.At the same time,following the principle of control variables,by changing the parameters one by one,the speed time curve of the object under different conditions was obtained.And the speed fluctuation,maximum speed error and ripple rate were selected as the evaluation indexes of crawling.The change curve of speed error with time was drawn,the ripple rate was calculated,and the crawling degree of the object was compared and analyzed.The results indicate that in order to effectively suppress crawling,the methods of reducing system mass,increasing damping,selecting the best stiffness value,increasing driving speed and reducing the difference between dynamic friction coefficient and static friction coefficient can be adopted.

关 键 词：机床导轨爬行影响因素 机床加工精度 双质体传输带系统模型 评价指标 数控机床 ADAMS 

分 类 号：TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG502.3[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]