贯流式水轮机转轮叶片参数化设计与优化  

Parametric design and optimization of tubular turbine runner blades

作　　者：花港 屈波[1] 陈会向[2] HUA Gang;QU Bo;CHEN Hui-xiang(College of Energy and Electric Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学能源与电气学院,江苏南京211100 [2]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《机电工程》2022年第6期820-825,845,共7页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52006053)。

摘　　要：在水轮机进行优化设计的过程中,参数化表达水轮机叶片所需变量多,且优化过程计算量大,针对这些问题,提出了一种水轮机转轮叶片优化设计方法。首先,采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,对模型水轮机进行了数值模拟;然后,采用二次曲线对水轮机叶片翼型曲线进行了参数化拟合,通过改变叶片的部分位置的比例系数,对叶片形状进行了控制;通过CFD数值模拟技术,计算了不同参数下的叶片在相同工况下的计算结果,并生成了样本空间;通过反向传播神经网络(BPNN)和遗传算法,对水轮机的效率和水力性能进行了优化计算:最后,对得到的优化结果进行了CFD数值模拟计算,并将其与原型叶片进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:优化后的贯流式水轮机效率提高了2.5%,叶片的压力分布情况得到了有效的提升;该结果证明,采用该方法优化叶片翼型曲线是有效的,并具有实际的工程应用价值。Aiming at the problems of a large number of variables required for parameterized expression of turbine blades and a large amount of calculation in the optimization process in the process of optimal design of hydro turbines,an optimal design method of hydro turbine runner blades was proposed.First,the model hydraulic turbine was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology;then,the quadratic curve was used to parametrically fit the airfoil curve of the turbine blade,and the blade shape was controlled by changing the proportional coefficient of part of the blade position;through CFD numerical simulation technology,the calculation results of blades under different parameters under the same working conditions was calculated,the sample space was generated;through the back propagation neural network(BPNN)and genetic algorithm,the efficiency and hydraulic performance of the turbine were optimized.Finally,the obtained optimization results were calculated by CFD numerical simulation and compared with the prototype blade.The research results show that the efficiency of the optimized tubular turbine is increased by 2.5%,and the pressure distribution of the blade is effectively improved,which proves that the optimization of the blade airfoil curve by this method is effective and has practical engineering application value.

关 键 词：水力机械 转轮叶片 计算流体力学 反向传播神经网络 叶片翼型 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TK733.8[交通运输工程—轮机工程]