2015-2019年某铁路局职工常见慢性病动态观察分析  

Dynamic observation and analysis of common chronic diseases among employees in a railway bureau from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：姜田园 张莉[1,2] 田恬[1,2] 郭雯婕 张延玲 阮烨 JIANG Tian-yuan;ZHANG LI;TIAN Tian;GUO Wen-jie;ZHANG Yan-ling;Ruan Ye(Institute of labor and environmental health,School of public health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学研究所,甘肃730000 [2]兰州大学职业卫生检测评价研究中心 [3]中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2022年第3期215-218,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司科技发展项目计划(LTKY2020-078)。

摘　　要：目的 分析某铁路局职工连续5 a的常见慢性病检出率,了解其变化趋势,为制定职工慢性病健康管理方案和实施健康干预措施提供参考。方法 选取2015-2019年连续参加该铁路局慢性病职业健康检查的6 657名职工为研究对象。通过对比分析,比较职工的超重及肥胖、糖尿病、高血脂和高血压检出率。结果 2015-2019年职工糖尿病、高血压、超重及肥胖检出率分别由是1.94%、14.84%及42.90%上升到5.56%、41.32%及55.63%,高血脂检出率由68.00%下降至64.31%(P均<0.01);男职工高血压、糖尿病、高血脂及超重及肥胖平均检出率分别是女职工的2.44、4.04、1.75及2.23倍,且随着年龄增加检出率呈上升趋势;不同工种职工中,电力机车司机、线路工和车站值班员的高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、超重及肥胖检出率较高,而列车员与信号工相对较低(P<0.01)。结论 该铁路局职工常见慢性病检出状况不容乐观,不同性别、年龄段及工种之间慢性病检出率存在差异。需根据职工从事工作的性质及自身生理特点等情况,完善健康教育方法和改进健康管理措施。Objective To analyze the chronic disease detection rates of employees of a railway bureau for 5 consecutive years, in order to understand its changing trends, and provide evidence for formulating plans of employee chronic disease health management and implementing health intervention measures. Methods A total of 6657 employees who continuously participated in the occupational health examination for chronic diseases in the railway bureau from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research objects. Comparative analysis was used to compare the detection rate of overweight and obesity, diabetes hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Results From 2015 to 2019,the detection rates of diabetes, hypertension, overweight and obesity increased from 1.94%,14.84% and 42.90% to 5.56%,41.32% and 55.63% respectively(P<0.01). The detection rate of hyperlipidemia decreased from 68.00% to 64.31%;The average detection rates of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, overweight and obesity in male workers were 2.44,4.04,1.75 and 2.23 times higher than those in female workers, respectively and the rate was increasing with age.Higher detection rates of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, overweight and obesity were found among electric locomotive drivers, way man and station attendant, and the conductor bell man was relatively low(P<0.01). Conclusions The common chronic diseases of the front-line employees of the railway bureau are not optimistic, and their health conditions are not all the same among different genders, age groups and types of work.It is necessary to strengthen health education methods and improve health management measures based on the nature, characteristics, and physical characteristics of employees’ work.

关 键 词：铁路 职工 慢性病 工种 定基比 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]