各国人权行动计划比较:功能定位、阻碍因素及实施意义  

A Contrastive Study of National Human Rights Action Plans of Several States:Positioning,Obstacles and Implications for Implementation

作　　者：许尧[1] XU Yao(Human Rights Research Center,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学人权研究中心、周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《人权法学》2022年第1期115-131,159,160,共19页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：中国人权研究会2020年度部级研究课题“中非人权合作机制及其完善策略研究”(CSHRS2020-27YB)。

摘　　要：从1993年维也纳世界人权大会到现在,已经至少有58个国家制定和实施了86期国家人权行动计划。通过对各国人权行动计划的分析,可以归纳出政策创新、政策整合、政策补充、社会转型、秩序重构、落实承诺等六种功能定位。从各国情况来看,不制定行动计划的主要原因包括:政府意愿不强、无法在各方主体之间达成合意、存在无法计划的人权问题、存在其他替代途径等。而制定和实施人权行动计划的重要意义主要体现为,能够向国际社会宣示本国政府的人权态度、解决或缓解国内重大人权问题、突出和强化国内相关政策的人权意义、推进国内人权机构和机制的建设等。Taking national human rights action plan to promote human rights protection is both in line with the prevailing international approach and discourse, and a form of governance to which the Chinese government have been devoting. Since the Vienna World Conference on Human Rights in 1993, at least 58 countries have formulated and implemented 86 national human rights action plans, and some regional organizations have also formulated similar inter-country human rights action plans. There are fundamental goals in development and implementation of a country’s national human rights action plan, which are established in accordance with the international and domestic environment and government’s judgment of these situations. Through the analysis of national human rights action plans, six functional positions can be summarized, such as policy innovation, policy integration, policy supplement, social transformation, order reconstruction, and implementation of commitments.Among these six orientations, the policy innovation positioning aims to build on the original public policy system with a special emphasis on human rights, so as to develop a policy system centered on the promotion and protection of human rights, as in Sweden. Policy integration positioning is to distill and systematize the relevant contents originally scattered in different policy areas to form a human rights-centered policy system, or to embody human rights in relevant state behaviors to promote the mainstreaming of human rights in public policies and public governance, which requires organic coordination with other policies, such as in Korea, the Philippines, Tanzania, and Honduras. Policy supplement positioning is to play a complementary function through action plans in addition to the country’s planning or plans in specific areas, such as in Iraq. Social transformation positioning is to follow the country’s social transformation and unify related policies with the connotation of human rights, thus integrating social transformation, human rights a

关 键 词：国家人权行动计划 人权政策 功能定位 

分 类 号：DF982[政治法律—国际法学]