含长碳链季铵盐的丙烯酰胺类共聚物的合成及其水溶液特性  

Synthesis and aqueous properties of acrylamide copolymers containing quaternary ammonium salts with long carbon chains

作　　者：李兰[1] 黄焰根[1] 孟卫东[1] LI Lan;HUANG Yangen;MENG Weidong(Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-textile,Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学生态纺织教育部重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期39-45,74,共8页Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science)

摘　　要：以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和二烯丙基长链烷基苄基溴化铵(DC_(n)AB,n=14,16,18)为单体,通过胶束聚合法制备含长碳链季铵盐的丙烯酰胺类共聚物PAMQ1、PAMQ2、PAMQ3。通过核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对共聚物分子结构进行表征,通过热重分析仪和流变仪对共聚物的热稳定性和水溶液特性进行测试。结果表明:PAMQ1、PAMQ2、PAMQ3具有较高的热稳定性(主链的热失重温度均高于320℃)和表面活性以及较好的耐温、耐剪切和耐盐性能,且对水相有一定的增黏能力;80℃时溶液的表观黏度分别为40.0、43.7和50.8 mPa·s;剪切速率为200 s^(-1)时溶液的表观黏度分别为26.2、29.5和33.8 mPa·s;当NaCl和CaCl 2的质量浓度分别为200.0和30.0 g/L时,溶液的表观黏度最高分别保留至45.1和57.7 mPa·s;共聚物对稠油有一定乳化降黏能力,降黏率为78.2%~85.7%。季铵盐单体结构中长碳烷基链和苄基对共聚物性能具有显著影响。Acrylamide copolymers PAMQ1,PAMQ2,PAMQ3 containing long carbon chain quaternary ammonium salts were prepared by micellar polymerization using acrylamide(AM),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS)and diallyl long-chain alkylbenzylammonium bromide(DC_(n)AB,n=14,16,18)as monomers.The molecular structures of the copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The thermal stability and aqueous solution properties of the copolymers were tested by thermogravimetric analyzer and rheometer.The results show that PAMQ1,PAMQ2,PAMQ3 have high thermal stability(the thermal weight loss temperature of the main chain is higher than 320℃)and surface activity as well as good resistance to temperature,shear and salt,and have certain viscosity increasing ability to the aqueous phase;the apparent viscosities of the solutions at 80℃are 40.0,43.7 and 50.8 mPa·s,respectively;the apparent viscosities of the solutions at a shear rate of 200 s^(-1)are 26.2,29.5 and 33.8 mPa·s,respectively;when the mass concentrations of NaCl and CaCl_(2) are 200.0 and 30.0 g/L respectively,the apparent viscosities of the solutions are retained up to 45.1 and 57.7 mPa·s,respectively;the copolymers have certain emulsification and viscosity reduction ability to thick oil,and the viscosity reduction rate is 78.2%-85.7%.The long carbon alkyl chains and benzyl groups in the structure of the quaternary ammonium monomer have significant effects on the copolymer properties.

关 键 词：丙烯酰胺共聚物 季铵盐 水溶液特性 流变性能 乳化降黏 稠油 

分 类 号：TQ610.48[化学工程—精细化工]