山西壶关上好牢M1砖雕壁画墓仿木构形制及设计研究  

Study on the Imitation Wood Structure and Design of the Carved Brick Mural Tomb M1 in Shanghaolao,Huguan,Shanxi

作　　者：俞莉娜 李路珂[2] 杨林中 熊天翼 Yu Lina

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院 [2]清华大学建筑学院 [3]山西省考古研究院

出　　处：《文物》2022年第4期80-96,1,共18页Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于《营造法式》的唐宋时期木构建筑、图像及仿木构建筑中的建筑装饰与色彩案例研究”(批准号:51678325);国家社会科学基金“两宋建筑史料编年研究”(批准号:19ZDA199);国家社会科学基金“《营造法式》研究与注疏”(批准号:17ZDA185)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋金时期,砖石墓葬中的仿木构营造现象广泛见于中原北方地区。仿木构墓葬因具有原构保存度高、后期扰动少的史料特征,可作为补足地面木构建筑研究的重要资料。晋东南长治、晋城地区发现了丰富的宋金时期仿木构砖.室墓遗存。从整体演变过程来看,晋东南宋金仿木构墓葬可分为北宋哲宗以前的发展雏形期(960~1079年)、北宋哲宗至金世宗大定前期的发展变化期(1079~1175年)以及金大定后期至金末的形制固定期(1175~1234年)三个阶段。The Shanghaolao carved brick mural tomb M1, which was excavated in 2010, is located in the south of Shanghaolao Village in the southwest of Huguan County, Changzhi City. This article analyzes the major and minor carpentry systems, eaves and structural features of M1’s wood imitation structure;estimates the tomb age ranges from the seventh year of the Yuanyou Era(1092) to the fifth year of the Xuanhe Era(1123) of the Northern Song Dynasty by comparing structures of other imitation wood and date-recorded tombs in southeast Shanxi, earlier than the previous chronological judgment that of “the end of Song and the beginning of Jin.” Moreover, through the scale analysis of the imitation wood dougong(interlocking wooden brackets), it is found that its overall design is closely related to the size of standard bricks used in the tomb’ s masonry structure. The design process of the imitation wood structure is to refer to the thickness of standard bricks instead of the width or thickness of timber and then determine the actual size of various components through means such as share value control and proportional control.

关 键 词：宋金时期 仿木构 金世宗 木构建筑 宋哲宗 雏形期 晋城地区 晋东南 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]