想象的符号:中文语境中的美利坚民族及其演变  

An Imagined Symbol: The Conception of the American Nation and its Evolution in the Chinese Context

作　　者：励轩 Li Xuan(School of History and Culture,Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2022年第3期68-83,M0004,M0005,共18页Open Times

基　　金：“四川大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地”专项研究成果;2019年国家哲学社会科学基金“三大体系”专项“新时代中国特色民族学基本理论与话语体系研究”(项目编号:19VXK04)的资助。

摘　　要：本文检视了美国的民族、种族与族群话语,指出“美利坚民族”概念既没有被美国政府所认可,也没有在社会上被广泛接受。同时,文章考察与分析了中文语境中“美利坚民族”概念的起源和发展,提出这一概念的出现和广泛流传实际上与20世纪初期包括孙中山在内的一部分中国社会精英对美国的“民族想象”有关。蒋介石领导的国民党政府则有选择地继承孙中山的民族思想,继续宣扬和传播所谓美国经验,倡导利用民族同化建构单一民族国家。文章还强调,中国共产党人秉持的中华民族建设思路与国民党想象中的美国经验完全不一样,前者主张以马克思主义民族平等观为指导建设中华民族,迅速获得了国内少数民族对新民主主义革命的支持,并最终使统一多民族国家成为新中国的主流话语。This article examines the issues of nation, race, and ethnicity of the United States in response to some scholars’ claims about the concept of the American nation. It argues that the concept of the American nation is neither recognized by the U.S. government nor widely accepted in American society. The Chinese conception of a distinct“American nation”originated from the“national imagination”of the United States by some Chinese social elites, including Sun Yat-sen, in the early twentieth century. Subsequently, Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang government selectively inherited Sun Yat-sen’s nationalism and continued to promote and spread the imaginary American experience and the idea of national assimilation for building a one-nation state. On the other hand, the Chinese Communists held a completely different view of building the Chinese nation from that of Kuomintang by advocating the Marxist guideline of national equality. Its advocacy quickly gained support from the ethnic minorities for the New Democratic Revolution and eventually made the unified multinational state a reality in New China.

关 键 词：想象的符号 美利坚民族 孙中山 美国经验 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] C95[政治法律—中外政治制度]