西藏年楚河流域冬季鸟类多样性  

Bird diversity in winter in Nianchu River Basin,Tibet

作　　者：贺凯 王壮壮 樊海德 朱时应 普布[1] HE Kai;WANG Zhuangzhuang;FAN haide;ZHU Shiying;Phurbu(College of Science,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学理学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《生物资源》2022年第2期179-188,共10页Biotic Resources

基　　金：“一江四河”流域生物多样性调研与维持机制评价综合科学考察项目(藏财教指[2019]01号);2020年校级一流本科专业建设点—生物科学(藏财教指【2018】54号)。

摘　　要：为了解西藏年楚河流域冬季鸟类多样性及其与环境因子的关系,于2019年冬季及2020年冬季,根据年楚河流域地理特征结合植被类型选取草地、农田、沙棘林及湿地四种典型生境类型进行研究。共记录到冬季鸟类50种,隶属于12目25科,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类4种,Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类5种;留鸟38种,冬候鸟8种,旅鸟3种,迷鸟1种;古北界种类31种,东洋界种类6种,广布种13种。在不同生境中,湿地鸟类个体数最多,农田鸟类物种数最多,沙棘林的群落多样性指数最高。海拔与温度是影响鸟类群落结构与活动的主要环境因子,地表植被盖度对鸟类活动也存在一定影响。研究区域生态环境稳定,两个冬季鸟类物种数和个体数基本相似,鸟类群落结构无显著差异。年楚河流域鸟类资源丰富,是冬候鸟的重要越冬地。In order to understand avian diversity in winter and its relationship with environmental factors in the Nianchu River Basin,Tibet,we conducted bird survey in four typical habitats(grassland,farmland,seabuckthorn forest and wetland)in the Nianchu River Basin in winter 2019 and winter 2020.A total of 50 bird species were recorded,belonging to 12orders and 25 families.Among them,there were 4 Class-Ⅰand 5 Class-Ⅱnationally protected bird species.There were 38residents,1vagrant visitor,8 winter visitors and 3 passage migrants,of which 31 species of palaearctic origin,6 species of oriental origin,and 13 species were widespread.The number of individuals was highest in wetlands,the number of species was highest in farmland,and the community diversity indices were highest in seabuckthorn forest.Altitude and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure and activities of birds,and vegetation coverage also had a certain effect on the activities of birds.The ecological environment of the study area was stable,the numbers of bird species and individuals were similar,amd there was no significant difference in the community structure in the two winters.Nianchu River Basin is rich in bird resources and is an important wintering place for winter migratory birds.

关 键 词：年楚河流域 冬季 鸟类 群落特征 

分 类 号：Q958.15[生物学—动物学]