中国部门宪法的展开——以环境宪法和经济宪法为例  

A Study on China's Constitutional Areas of Law:Taking as an Example the Environmental Constitution and Economic Constitution

作　　者：张翔[1] 段沁 ZHANG Xiang;DUAN Qin(Law School,Peking University;Law School,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学法学院 [3]德国慕尼黑大学法学院

出　　处：《人权法学》2022年第3期51-61,150,151,共13页Journal of Human Rights Law

摘　　要：部门宪法的建构有助于宪法教义学的本土化。我国宪法规范文本的特殊性、合宪性审查制度的推进、合宪性控制学理的积累,都为展开中国部门宪法提供了坚实基础。结合部门法的制度和原理以及相应社会部门的实存基本秩序,分领域地对有关国家目标、基本权利以及国家机构等宪法条款进行综合诠释,以更准确、适宜地解释和适用宪法,是部门宪法建构的基本原理和目的。我国的环境宪法以国家目标条款为主要依托,既汲取了环境法的理论沉淀,又回应了部门法的学术争论,通过细致的释义可以实现被寄予环境权的功能期待。我国的经济宪法取向基本经济制度的建构,更贴近实存秩序自身的结构、理念及规律的研究,更注重对非法学知识和法制框架下关键政策方针的摄取与转译。未来部门宪法的发展,应更注重个案的研究累积和对部门法学理的吸纳。The establishment of constitutional areas of law contributes to the localization of constitutional dogmatics.As a tool in constitutional hermeneutics,constitutional areas of law help to focus constitutional research on"first-hand annotations'*,promoting the development of constitutional jurisprudence that truly has Chinese characteristics,Chinese style and Chinese charisma and can respond to China's problems effectively.The particularity of China's constitutional normative texts,the advancement of constitutionality review system,and the development of constitutionality control theories together have provided a solid foundation for the study on China's constitutional areas of law.The basic principle and purpose of establishing constitutional areas of law is to comprehensively interpret the constitutional provisions concerning national goals,basic rights and state institutions in respective fields through a combined understanding of the systems and principles of areas of law and the actual basic order of the corresponding social areas,so as to interpret and apply the Constitution more accurately and appropriately.China's environmental constitution is mainly based on clauses prescribing the national goals,which not only draws upon the theories of environmental law,but also responds to the academic debate on areas of law.Through careful interpretation,the expectation on environmental rights can be realized.The application of the environmental constitution,which take up a part of the overall structure of the Constitution,is very likely to influence the basic rights of citizens especially when it comes to a series of environmental protection actions carried out by the public power.Therefore,the environmental constitution does not exclude the clauses of relevant basic rights from being considered in its comprehensive interpretation.Even in cases concerning basic rights,we can rely on the constitutional review framework of the limitation of basic rights and include the objective law elements of the environmental constitu

关 键 词：合宪性审查 实存秩序 部门法学理 环境宪法 经济宪法 

分 类 号：DF526[政治法律—民商法学]