我国中年与老年女性抑郁倾向及影响因素的比较分析  

Comparison of depression tendency and its influencing factors between middle-aged and elderly women in China

作　　者：叶海春 闫雅洁 黄倩 王全[2,3] YE Hai-chun;YAN Ya-jie;HUANG Qian;WANG Quan(School of Humanities Education,Ningxia Vocational Technical College of Industry and Commerce,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]宁夏工商职业技术学院人文教育学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]武汉大学公共卫生学院 [3]武汉大学全球健康研究中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第11期2024-2030,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国盖茨基金会农村基本卫生保健项目湖北省子项目(CS-2019-9)。

摘　　要：目的比较分析我国中年和老年女性抑郁倾向及影响因素的差异性,为有针对性的改善中年与老年女性群体的心理健康水平提供参考。方法选取中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据,以45~59岁中年女性和≥60岁老年女性为研究对象,采用流行病调查中心抑郁量表(CES-D)评估其抑郁倾向。中年和老年女性抑郁倾向的比较采用均值检验,使用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)对中年和老年女性进行匹配后,进一步探索其组间的差异,采用稳健Tobit回归模型探究抑郁倾向的影响因素。结果7964例中老年女性的CES-D评分为(9.53±6.86)分。其中,中年女性、老年女性CES-D评分分别为(9.13±6.62)分、(9.96±7.09)分,老年女性的抑郁倾向评分高于中年女性(t=-5.361,P<0.001)。稳健Tobit回归结果显示,文化程度、居住地、健康自评、身体残疾、慢性病、因身体疼痛而苦恼、BADL受损、IADL受损、是否与配偶或同居者一起生活、家庭成员数量、现有负债、地带分布是中年和老年女性抑郁倾向共同的影响因素。年龄及其二次项、子女数量、有无农业自雇以外的工作是中年女性抑郁倾向的影响因素;每月来看望1次及以上的子女数量、是否照顾孙子女、是否有社交活动、是否上网、是否退休是老年女性抑郁倾向的影响因素。结论我国老年女性的抑郁倾向较中年女性明显,且影响因素存在差异性。应针对不同人群特征,提供更有针对性的预防策略,促进中年和老年女性心理健康良性发展。Objective To compare the difference of depression tendency and its influencing factors between middle-aged and elderly women in China,so as to provide reference for improving the mental health status in this population.Methods Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS) in 2018,middle-aged women who were 45 to 59 and elderly women aged 60 or over were included in the study,and the depression tendency was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D).The comparison of depression tendency between middle-aged and elderly women was conducted by mean-comparison tests.After matching middle-aged and older women with PSM,the differences of depression tendency between the groups were further explored,and robust Tobit regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of depression tendency.Results The mean CES-D score of 7 964 middle-aged and elderly women was 9.53±6.86,furthermore,the mean CES-D scores of middle-aged and elderly women were 9.13±6.62 and 9.96±7.09 respectively.The scores of elderly women were significantly higher than those of middle-aged women(t=-5.361,P<0.001).Robust Tobit regression results showed that education levels,residency,self-reported health,physical disability,chronic disease,troubled with body pains,BADL disability,IADL disability,living with spouse(partner) or not,number of family members,having debt,and regional distribution were the common influencing factors for depression tendency among middle-aged and elderly women.Age and age squared,number of children,and having other than self-employed agricultural jobs or not were the influencing factors for depression tendency of middle-aged women.The number of children who visited at least once a month,taking caring of grandchildren or not,having social activities or not,using the internet or not,and retirement or not were the influencing factors for depression tendency of elderly women.Conclusion The depression tendency of elderly women in China is more obvious than that of

关 键 词：中年人 老年人 女性 抑郁倾向 中国健康与养老追踪调查 

分 类 号：R161.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R161.7