首饰用Au基材料颜色及工艺的研究进展  

Research Progress in Color and Technology of Au Based Materials for Jewelry

作　　者：于杰[1] 卢锦康 崔小英 叶未[1] 浦蕊 周晓龙[1] YU Jie;LU Jinkang;CUI Xiaoying;YE Wei;PU Rui;ZHOU Xiaolong(Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650031,China;Analytic and Testing Research Center of Yunnan,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明650031 [2]云南省分析测试中心,昆明650201

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第12期119-125,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51764030);昆明理工大学人才培养项目(KKZ3201751043)。

摘　　要：本文将彩金按照合金本色和表面色分为两类,分别从颜色、成分、力学性能的角度讨论了首饰用金基材料的制备工艺和研究现状。通过添加稀土及其他微量元素等合金化手段,可显著改善K金颜色、内部组织及加工性能,有望成为降低AuAl_(2)等金属间化合物的硬度、改善该类材料塑性的主要手段。彩金表面工艺已从传统的电镀、斯斑金发展至合金表面氧化变色及激光表层纳米化的制备工艺。纳米金、金属玻璃和电铸技术三种特殊制备工艺在Au硬度和抗蚀性的提升方面有明显优势,其中快速冷却制备金属玻璃态高硬Au的工艺可调空间大;基于金属电沉积工艺制备空心黄金饰品的电铸技术能有效节约用金量,而有机成分的电铸添加剂配比及其在电铸过程中的作用机理是该技术的关键。The noble metals used in jewelry generally fall into two categories in terms of their intrinsic and surface color.Here,the latest progress in preparation and technology of carat gold are reviewed according to their corresponding color,composition and mechanical properties.A significant effect on the color,machinability and microstructure of carat gold can be achieved via the introduction of the RE ions or other minor elements,which is further demonstrated to reduce the hardness and improve the plasticity of intermetallic compounds,such as AuAl_(2).Moreover,the surface coating technology on carat gold has been developed from traditional electroplating,Span gold to surface oxidation and laser surface nanocrystallization of Au alloy.Compared with the above technologies,the metallic glass and electroforming technologies have obvious advantages on the improvement of hardness and corrosion resistance of carat gold,among which the metallic glass process provides a facile approach to obtain Au with different hardness by adjusting the rapid cooling rate.In addition,the gold jewelry with a hollow feature through the employed metal electroforming technology,realizing a gold⁃saving fundamentally,where the composition of liquid organic additives and their function in the process play a critical role.

关 键 词：金基合金 颜色 力学性能 纳米金 金属玻璃 

分 类 号：TG146.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]