间苯二酚⁃甲醛基酚醛/碳气凝胶微观结构调控研究进展  

Research Progress in Tailoring the Microstructure of Resorcinol⁃Formaldehyde Organic/Carbon Aerogel

作　　者：严蛟 邝旻翾 胡宏林[2] 孔磊[2] 马慧玲 张秀芹[1] YAN Jiao;KUANG Minxuan;HU Honglin;KONG Lei;MA Huiling;ZHANG Xiuqin(Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory,Aerospace Research Institute of Materials&Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京服装学院材料设计与工程学院,北京市纺织纳米纤维工程技术研究中心,北京100029 [2]航天材料及工艺研究所先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室,北京100076

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第12期205-214,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51673003);北京市长城学者培育计划(CTT&TCD20180321)。

摘　　要：酚醛/碳气凝胶因其独特的耐烧蚀性能以及优异的物理、化学性能,在声/热阻材料、吸附材料、能源储存装置、传感器、宇航工业等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文系统综述了催化剂、添加剂和干燥方式在间苯二酚⁃甲醛基酚醛/碳气凝胶制备过程中的影响。分别介绍了酸/碱催化机理,阐述了催化剂种类及pH值对气凝胶微观结构的调控;分析了表面活性剂的作用机理,讨论了其种类和用量对气凝胶微观结构的影响,以及碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、壳聚糖、盐类等多种添加剂对气凝胶微纳结构的调控;总结了超临界干燥、冷冻干燥、常压干燥三种常见干燥方式对气凝胶微观结构的影响,着重讨论了实现常压干燥的必要条件及原理。最后,总结了酚醛气凝胶研究领域所面临的挑战,探讨了其未来的发展方向,包括改善其宏观力学性能、降低成本、实现超柔性以及发展可3D打印的酚醛气凝胶。Because of the excellent ablation resistance and physical/chemical properties,phenolic/carbon aerogel has great potential in the fields of acoustic/thermal resistance material,absorption material,energy storage material,sensor,aerospace industry,etc.This mini⁃review introduced the main factors in the synthesis of resorcinol⁃formaldehyde organic/carbon aerogel,including catalyst,additives and drying methods.First,the catalytic mechanism of acids/bases,the impact of the catalyst types and solution pH value on the microstructure of the aerogel were discussed.Then,while the interaction mechanism of surfactants was analyzed,how the types and the amount of surfactants influence the microstructure was elucidated.Further,the role of additives,such as carbon nanotubes,graphene oxide,chitosan,salts,etc.,was discussed.The effects of different drying methods i.e.,supercritical drying,freeze⁃drying and ambient pressure drying,on the microstructure of the aerogel were compared,with an emphasis on the prerequisites and principles for ambient pressure drying.Finally,the current challenges were summarized and the possible future developments of resorcinol⁃formaldehyde polymer/carbon aerogel were prospected,such as improvement of mechanical properties,cost⁃effective,super elastic aerogel and 3D printable aerogel.

关 键 词：酚醛气凝胶 催化剂 PH 值 添加剂 干燥方式 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB35