水稻秸秆还田对小麦季农田径流氮磷及COD的影响  

Rice Straw Return Measures on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and COD of Wheat Season in Farm Runoff

作　　者：张博睿 蔡影 刘文雯 胡宏祥 李虹川 俞金涛 付思伟 ZHANG Borui;CAI Ying;LIU Wenwen;HU Hongxiang;LI Hongchuan;YU Jintao;FU Siwei(Anhui Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention and Control,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽科技学院学报》2022年第1期18-24,共7页Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University

基　　金：安徽省秸秆和畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用产业技术体系;合肥市环巢湖生态示范区项目(2018LJFD0033);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07603-02-02)。

摘　　要：目的:分析秸秆直接还田对农田径流中氮磷及COD向周围水体迁移情况的影响。方法:分别设置田间试验CK(无秸秆还田+无施肥)、F(常规施肥)、SDF(秸秆覆土还田+常规施肥)、SMF(秸秆覆盖还田+常规施肥)、SFR(秸秆覆盖还田+常规施肥减量15%)等5个处理。研究水稻秸秆还田对小麦季农田径流氮磷及COD的影响。结果:秸秆还田处理可显著降低氮素质量浓度,增加磷素和COD的质量浓度;秸秆还田较常规施肥处理组总氮质量浓度下降14.34%~28.09%,总磷浓度升高8.70%~17.39%,COD浓度升高13.32%~32.33%。秸秆还田处理可显著降低农田径流流失量,秸秆还田较常规施肥处理径流量显著降低17.05%~19.08%。秸秆覆土还田配施化肥处理有效降低农田氮磷的风险,较F处理,SDF处理的总氮流失量下降33.37%,总磷流失量下降6.32%,COD流失量增加了5.24%。结论:秸秆覆土还田配施化肥是一种合理的施肥方式,为秸秆资源合理化利用提供参考。Objective:To analyze the migration of nitrogen,phosphorus and COD from farmland runoff to surrounding water bodies during direct straw return.Methods:The field experiment was set up with five treatments:CK(no straw return+no fertilization),F(conventional fertilization),SDF(straw return+conventional fertilization),SMF(straw mulch return+conventional fertilization) and SFR(straw return+conventional fertilization reduced by 15%).The effects of rice straw return measures on nitrogen,phosphorus and COD of farmland runoff in wheat season were investigated.Results:The straw return treatment significantly reduced the mass concentration of nitrogen and increased the mass concentration of phosphorus and COD.The straw return treatment decreased the mass concentration of total nitrogen by 14.34% to 28.09%,increased the concentration of total phosphorus by 8.70% to 17.39% and increased the concentration of COD by 13.32% to 32.33% compared to the conventional fertilizer treatment.The straw return treatment significantly reduced the amount of runoff loss from farmland,and the straw return treatment significantly reduced the amount of runoff by 17.05% to 19.08% compared to the conventional fertilizer application treatment.Straw mulching with chemical fertilizer treatment could effectively reduce the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus on the farm,and compared with the F treatment,the SDF treatment showed a 33.37% and 6.32% decrease in total nitrogen,total phosphorus and loss,respectively,and a 5.24% increase in COD loss.Conclusion:Straw mulching with chemical fertilizer is a more reasonable way of fertilization,which provides a scientific basis for the rational use of straw resources.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 径流 氮磷流失 COD 化肥减量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]