守法义务视角下康德法权论的先验前提  

On the Transcendental Premise of Kant’s Doctrine of Right Under the Moral Duty of Obedience

作　　者：孔杨 Kong Yang

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2022年第2期131-147,199,共18页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：法权论与德性论的相对分离,使得康德的法权论具有了“反自然法”的悖论。表面上看,法权论仅仅以国家的必要性论证守法义务的产生,任何一个国家都能够向受治者施加绝对的守法义务,一旦并非探讨一种描述性的出于审慎理由的守法义务,而是规范意义上守法的道德义务,法权论就显得与强调个人自主的道德哲学衔接不畅。事实上,康德的法权论以先验自由作为出发点理解国家的实证法,至少可以在理论上调和权威与自主之间的张力,重塑对自然法的信仰。The relative separation of the doctrine of right and the doctrine of virtue makes Kant’s doctrine of right having the paradox of“anti-natural law”.On the surface,the doctrine of right only demonstrates the emergence of the obligation of observing the law based on the necessity of the state.It seems that any country can impose an absolute obligation of observing the law on the governed.However,once it is not a discussion of a descriptive obligation of observing the law for prudential reasons,but a moral obligation of observing the law in the normative sense,the doctrine of right and the morality that emphasizes individual autonomy seem to be poorly connected.In fact,taking transcendental freedom as a starting point and understanding the country’s positive law from the perspective of transcendental freedom can at least theoretically reconcile the tension between authority and autonomy and reshape our belief in natural law.

关 键 词：康德 守法义务 法权论 先验自由 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]