成年奶牛温室气体排放分析  

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Mature Dairy Cattle

作　　者：鞠鑫鑫 郭建斌[2] 杨守军[3] 孙辉 董仁杰[2] JU Xinxin;GUO Jianbin;YANG Shoujun;SUN Hui;DONG Renjie(Shandong Zhongnong Sanyue Environmental Technology Co Ltd,Yantai 264006,China;National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology(iBEST),MoA Key Lab of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy(CPURE),Carbon-Neutral Agriculture Research Center of CAU College of Engineering(CNA),Beijing 100083,China;Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University,Yantai 264670,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中农三月环保科技股份有限公司,山东烟台264006 [2]国家级生物质能科学与技术国际联合研究中心,农业农村部可再生能源清洁化利用技术重点实验室,中国农业大学工学院农业农村碳中和研究中心,北京100083 [3]中国农业大学烟台研究院,山东烟台264670

出　　处：《中国沼气》2022年第3期9-17,共9页China Biogas

基　　金：烟台开发区创新创业领军团队项目(TD2016003);烟台市校地融合发展项目(2019XDRHXMXK25)。

摘　　要：为厘清我国奶牛养殖行业温室气体排放现状,指导奶牛养殖温室气体减排路径规划,分析了一头成年奶牛全产业链的温室气体排放情况。结果显示:以敞口厌氧塘粪污处理为基线,沼气工程可实现粪污管理过程温室气体减排90%以上,结合沼液密闭贮存,减排可达98%,其中甲烷减排贡献占98.3%;奶牛粪便处理后利用过程,通过能源替代、化肥替代和土壤固碳可创造减排固碳效益,年最大减排固碳能力达3.611 tCO_(2)e·头^(-1);从奶牛养殖全链条考虑,不同奶牛粪便管理利用情境下,沼气工程处理粪污且结合三沼利用模式下,温室气体减排效益最显著,奶牛年净排放量仅为3.742 tCO_(2)e·头^(-1)a^(-1),与敞口厌氧塘粪污处理利用模式相比减排65%,与堆肥结合粪肥还田模式相比减排30%。优先选用沼气工程作为奶牛粪便管理方案,同时加强沼气和沼液沼渣的回收利用,是实现奶牛养殖业温室气体尤其是甲烷减排的有效途径。In order to clarify dairy farming greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions in China and to guide GHGs emission reduction,one dairy cow annual GHGs emissions has been evaluated in this study,and the following results are gained:In manure management,the GHGs emission could be reduced by more than 90%through anaerobic digestion(AD)compared with uncovered anaerobic lagoon,and the reduction could reach as high as 98%through combined AD and gas tight storage of liquid digestate;Amongst the methane elimination contributes 98.3%.The maximum negative emission capacity resulted from manure utilization could reach 3.611 tCO_(2)e·a^(-1)through substitution of fossil energy and mineral fertilizer,and soil carbon sequestration.Considering the whole chain of dairy farming,under different scenarios of manure treatment and utilization,the combination of AD,biogas and digestate utilization could achieve the lowest greenhouse gas emissions as 3.742 tCO_(2)e·head^(-1)a^(-1),which is 65%lower than that of manure uncovered anaerobic lagoon and 30%lower than that of manure composting.Finally,AD is preferred for cow manure management.Full use of biogas and digestate is an effective way to reduce GHGs especially methane emission on dairy farms.

关 键 词：奶牛 温室气体 甲烷 粪便管理 减排 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X713[农业科学—农业工程]