保水缓释肥对苹果幼树生长及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of water retaining slow-release fertilizer on the growth of young apple trees and soil enzyme activity

作　　者：王晋鹏 刘长庆 陈慧玉[1] 程冬冬[3] 刘艳[3] WANG Jinpeng;LIU Changqing;CHEN Huiyu;CHENG Dongdong;LIU Yan(School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;Taian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Taian 271018, China;College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian 271018, China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]泰安市农业农村局,山东泰安271018 [3]山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2022年第3期401-410,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077091,41907004,41807087)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨保水缓释肥与普通肥料配施对苹果幼树生长及土壤性状的影响,实现苹果种植减肥增效。【方法】采用苹果幼树盆栽试验,共设7个处理,包括3月份和7月份分别施加30%的普通肥料与70%的保水缓释肥(T1),3月份和7月份分别施加50%的普通肥料与50%的保水缓释肥(T2),3月份和8月份分别施加30%的普通肥料与70%的保水缓释肥(T3),3月份和8月份分别施加50%的普通肥料与50%的保水缓释肥(T4),3月份和7月份分别施加30%的普通肥料与70%的普通肥料(T5),3月份和8月份分别施加30%的普通肥料与70%的普通肥料(T6),不施肥(CK),分析不同处理下苹果幼树的生长、养分利用效率、土壤养分及土壤酶活性的差异。【结果】保水缓释肥与普通肥料配合施用能够有效促进苹果幼树对养分的吸收和利用,并有利于改善土壤养分含量与生物学性状,其中T1处理的氮素、钾素利用效率最高,分别达到36.11%和30.89%;T3处理的磷素利用效率达22.22%。保水缓释肥的施用能明显地提高土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性水平,且以T1处理提高土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性较为明显。脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性与土壤速效钾含量呈极显著正相关;脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性与土壤全氮含量也呈极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶与土壤养分含量也具有明显的相关性。【结论】保水缓释肥的应用是促进苹果树生长、改善土壤性状的有效减肥替代措施。【Object】To explore the effects of combined application of water retaining slow-release fertilizer and common fertilizer on the growth of young apple trees and soil properties,so as to realize the reduce fertilizer and increase efficiency of apple planting.【Method】A pot experiment of young apple trees was set up,with a total of 7 treatments:(1)30%ordinary fertilizer in March and 70%water retaining and slow release fertilizer in July(T1);(2)50%ordinary fertilizer in March and 50%water retaining and slow release fertilizer in July(T2);(3)30%ordinary fertilizer in March and 70%water retaining and slow release fertilizer in August(T3);(4)50%ordinary fertilizer in March and 50%water retaining and slow release fertilizer in August(T4);(5)30%ordinary fertilizer in March and 70%common fertilizer in July(T5);(6)30%common fertilizer in March and 70%common fertilizer in August(T6);(7)no fertilizer(CK).The differences in growth,nutrient use efficiency,soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities of apple saplings under different treatments were analyzed,and the effects of water retaining and slow release fertilizer and common fertilizers on the growth and soil properties of apple saplings were discussed.【Result】The combined application of water retaining and slow release fertilizer and ordinary fertilizer could effectively promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by apple saplings,and also could help to improve soil nutrient content and biological properties.Among them,the nitrogen and potassium utilization efficiency of T1 treatment was the highest,reaching 36.11%and 30.89%,respectively.The phosphorus utilization efficiency of T3 treatment was the highest,reaching 22.22%.The application of water retaining and slow release fertilizer could significantly improve the soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity,and T1 treatment could significantly improve the soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity.Urease activity and sucrase activity were significantly positively correlated with soil available pota

关 键 词：保水缓释肥 苹果 养分利用率 生长发育 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S661[农业科学—农业基础科学]