不同缓释肥对木薯生长和土壤速效养分的影响  

Effects of Different Slow-release Fertilizers on Cassava Growth and Soil Available Nutrients

作　　者：周时艺 韦云东 陈蕊蕊 郑华[1,2] 盘欢 李军[1,2] 罗燕春 徐钏[1,2] ZHOU Shi-yi;WEI Yun-dong;CHEN Rui-rui;ZHENG Hua;PAN Huan;LI Jun;LUO Yan-chun;XU Chuan(Guangxi Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Nanning 530001,China;Guangxi Cassava Research Institute,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [2]广西壮族自治区木薯研究所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2022年第4期100-104,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2020YFD1000600);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(桂农科2021YT150);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2020YM54)。

摘　　要：试验设置了不同的缓释肥及普通肥料处理,研究了不同缓释肥对木薯生长及土壤速效养分的影响,结果表明:施肥处理显著促进了木薯株高、茎粗、鲜薯产量、淀粉产量等增加,其中T_(6)处理促进效果最佳;不施肥处理(T_(1))脲酶和蔗糖酶活性最高,6个施肥处理对土壤速效养分及酶活性的影响整体上差异不明显;T_(4)、T_(5)、T_(6)处理较复合肥处理(T_(2))鲜薯产量分别增加了3.63%、18.52%、21.13%,淀粉产量分别增加了2.11%、20.03%、25.19%;在相同氮、磷、钾施肥量水平下,T_(4)与T_(7)处理两者各项指标均无显著差异,但前者比后者的鲜薯增产了9.49%,淀粉产量提高了5.86%。在一定施肥范围内,木薯鲜薯产量和淀粉产量均随着缓释肥Osmocote 1号施肥量的增加而增加。施肥处理碱解氮含量相比不施肥处理(T_(1))提高了3.53%~37.94%,速效磷含量提高了17.65%~81.79%,速效钾含量提高了15.49%~88.57%。综合考虑肥料成本、产量和环保等因素,T_(5)(N 75 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)75 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 75 kg/hm^(2))为本研究最佳施肥组合。In this experiment,different slow-release fertilizers and common fertilizer treatments were conducted to study the effects of different slow-release fertilizers on cassava growth and soil available nutrients.The results showed that fertilization treatments significantly improved cassava plant height,stem diameter,cassava roots yield and starch yield,and the effect of T_(6)was the most significant.The activities of urease and invertase were the highest in the T_(1)treatment(without fertilization),and there were not significantly different on the soil available nutrients and enzyme activities between 6 fertilization treatments overall.Compared with the common fertilizer treatment(T_(2)),the cassava root yield of T_(4),T_(5)and T_(6)was increased by 3.63%,18.52%and 21.13%,and the starch yield was increased by 2.11%,20.03%and 25.19%.There was not significant difference in various indicators between T_(4)and T_(7) under the same nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization level,but the cassava root yield and the starch yield of T_(4)were increased by 9.49%and 5.86%respectively,compared with T_(7).Within a certain fertilization range,cassava root yield and starch yield were increased with the increase of the fertilizer amount of the slow-release fertilizer Osmocote 1.Compared with the T_(1)treatment,the available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the fertilization treatments were increased by 3.53%~37.94%,17.65%~81.88%and 15.49%~88.57%respectively.Combining the fertilization cost,cassava roots yield and environmental protection,T_(5)(N 75 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)75 kg/hm^(2)and K_(2)O 75 kg/hm^(2))was the best treatment in the study.

关 键 词：木薯 缓释肥 生长 土壤速效养分 

分 类 号：S889.5[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]