马克思恩格斯的海洋政治观研究  

Marx and Engels’ Thought of Maritime Politics

作　　者：刘学坤[1,2] LIU Xuekun(School of Marxism,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210098 [2]江苏省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究基地,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期14-23,113,共11页Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金(21MLB010);江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划项目(D/2021/01/95);中央高校基本科研业务专项(B220201069)。

摘　　要：海洋时代的国家关系、国家兴衰和地缘政治,现代海洋实践对社会革命的推动,以及在此过程中的海权建构和现代海军发展是马克思恩格斯海洋政治观的主要内容。马克思恩格斯认为海洋沟通国家联系、丰富国家关系,海洋深刻影响国家强弱兴衰,海洋活动塑造新的地缘政治。海洋经济通过对生产力推动不断更新社会经济形态,并在资本主导的社会运转过程中加速新的阶级和阶级关系的生成,复杂的海洋经济关系还直接引起新的普遍的社会矛盾,并为世界性无产阶级革命提供条件。由探险、海盗活动到海洋贸易的海洋活动的现代性转变带来了海权需要,海洋扩大国家权力边界,但19世纪海权建设的实质常常主要是霸权体系形成,海洋法治处于艰难探索中。海军历史性地成为强国象征和海权的国家保障,海军的政治影响力增强源自海洋经济活动需求,海军运转高度依赖海洋经济活动。马克思恩格斯的海洋政治思想具有鲜明的革命性和时代性特征,其所揭示的海洋政治的规律是新时代海洋强国建设、推动构建现代全球海洋治理体系和海洋命运共同体的重要指南。The state relations, the rise and fall of states and geopolitics in the maritime age, the promotion of social revolution by modern maritime practice, the construction of sea power and the development of modern navy in the process are the main contents of Marx and Engels’ view of maritime politics. Marx and Engels believed that oceans connect countries and enrich inter-state relations, oceans profoundly affect the rise and fall of countries, and ocean activities shape new geopolitics. The maritime economy continuously updates the social and economic forms by promoting the productive forces, and accelerates the formation of new classes and class relations in the process of capital-led social operation. The complex maritime economic relations also directly lead to new general social contradictions and provide conditions for the worldwide proletarian revolution. The modern transformation of maritime activities from exploration and piracy to maritime trade has brought about the need for sea power, and the ocean has expanded the boundaries of state power. However, the essence of sea power construction in the 19th century was often the formation of a hegemonic system, and the rule of law at sea was difficult to explore. The navy has historically become a symbol of a powerful country and a national guarantee of sea power. The political influence of the navy comes from the needs of maritime economic activities, and the operation of the navy is highly dependent on maritime economic activities. The maritime political thought of Marx and Engels has distinct revolutionary and epochal characteristics, and the laws of maritime politics revealed by Marx and Engels are an important guide for the construction of a powerful maritime country in the new era and the construction of a modern global maritime governance system and a maritime community with a shared future.

关 键 词：马克思恩格斯 海洋政治 海权 海洋强国 海洋命运共同体 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]