极端环境下自愈合仿生材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Self-healing Biomimetic Materials in Extreme Environments

作　　者：李瑞琪 田澍 杨静[1,2,3] 张雷[1,2,3] LI Rui-qi;TIAN Shu;YANG Jing;ZHANG Lei(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology(MOE),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(MOE),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学教育部合成生物学前沿科学中心,天津300072 [3]天津大学系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第6期14-26,35,共14页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22078238,21908160,21621004,21961132005);天津市自然科学基金项目(20JCQNJC00170)

摘　　要：自愈合材料是受动物天然皮肤的启发,可识别损伤并自我修复的一种新兴材料。这类材料可应用于工程装备的表面或智能设备的基底,修复开裂与机械损伤,延长设备的工作寿命。而在极端环境(低温、水下、强酸、强碱等)下可以自主愈合的材料更具工业应用前景,但同样也是材料领域的难点。梳理了目前可在极端环境下实现自主愈合的本征型弹性体材料的研究情况。首先,深入总结了弹性体聚合物网络中动态共价键与超分子相互作用通过可逆断裂实现本征自愈合的机制,具体包括在自主愈合弹性体设计中应用最广的二硫键/二硒键、亚胺键、氢键和金属配位键;并梳理了弹性体在不同极端环境下自愈合的研究进展,主要介绍了它们的制备方法和自愈合性能。而后,总结了极端自愈合仿生材料在防护涂层、柔性电子、储能装置和密封元件等工程装备及智能设备领域的应用。最后,对该领域现存的挑战以及未来发展进行了分析。Self-healing materials,inspired by the natural skin of animals,are an emerging material that can recognize damage and repair itself.This kind of material can be applied to the surface of engineering equipment or the substrate of smart devices to repair cracks and mechanical damage,and prolong the working life of the equipment.Furthermore,materials that can achieve self-healing in extreme environments(low temperature,underwater,strong acid,strong alkali,etc.)have a more promising prospect in industrial applications.However,it is greatly difficult to develop such kind of material.This paper overviews the current research progress of intrinsic elastomers that can achieve self-healing in extreme environments.Firstly,the specific mechanism of the reversible breaking of dynamic covalent bonds and supramolecular interactions in the elastomer network to achieve intrinsic self-healing is explained,including disulfide metathesis/diselenide bonds,imine bonds,hydrogen bonds and metal-ligand coordination which are widely used in the fabrication of extreme self-healing elastomers.Then,the recent advances of elastomers achieved self-healing in different extreme environments(low temperature,aqueous environments and combinatorial environments)are introduced in detail.They are mainly summarized from the aspects of preparation methods and self-healing performance.Subsequently,the applications of extreme self-healing biomimetic materials in the field of engineering equipment and smart devices such as protective coatings,flexible electronics,energy-storage devices and sealing elements are summarized.Finally,the existing challenges and future development of biomimetic materials achieved self-healing in extreme environments are analyzed.This review aims to provide information support for the design of self-healing biomimetic materials in extreme environments,with a view to further expanding their practical applications in polar regions,aerospace,marine exploration,biomedicine and other fields.

关 键 词：极端环境 仿生材料 本征型自愈 弹性体 动态共价键 超分子相互作用 

分 类 号：TB381[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]