天麻褐腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究  

Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity research of brown rot pathogens from Gastrodia elata

作　　者：唐鑫 张进强 江维克 袁青松 王艳红 郭兰萍[2] 杨阳 杨野[3] 周涛 TANG Xin;ZHANG Jin-qiang;JIANG Wei-ke;YUAN Qing-song;WANG Yan-hong;GUO Lan-ping;YANG Yang;YANG Ye;ZHOU Tao(Guizhou University of Tradional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [3]昆明理工大学,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2022年第9期2288-2295,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060080);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5638-2);贵州科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5611);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);贵州省教育厅重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2018]022);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般256);贵州省普通高等学校青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2021]205)。

摘　　要：褐腐病是天麻种植生产上的高发病害,但其病原菌尚不明确。该文从77份感染褐腐病天麻块茎中分离纯化病原菌,通过致病性试验、形态和分子鉴定明确病原菌,比较了各病原菌的致病力及其对天麻营养菌的抑制作用。结果显示,在褐腐病害天麻块茎样本中共分离获得119株真菌,其中,土赤壳属真菌的分离频率最高,为42.01%。经致病性验证表明有6株真菌的致病特征与田间自然发病症状一致。形态和分子鉴定结果显示,该6株真菌分属于粪壳菌纲丛赤壳科土赤壳属真菌Ilyonectria cyclaminicola和I.robusta;2类真菌均能产色素、分生孢子和厚垣孢子,其中I.cyclaminicola的生长速度显著高于I.robusta。致病力比较结果显示,接种I.cyclaminicola所形成的病斑显著大于I.robusta接种组,提示I.cyclaminicola对乌天麻的致病力高于I.robusta。对峙培养结果显示,I.cyclaminicola和I.robusta均能够显著抑制蜜环菌的萌发及菌索的生长;蜜环菌亦能抑制病原菌的生长,且I.cyclaminicola受抑制程度小于I.robusta。该研究首次揭示了I.cyclaminicola和I.robusta是天麻褐腐病的致病菌。Brown rot is a common disease in the cultivation and production of Gastrodia elata, but its pathogens have not been fully revealed. In this study, the pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified from tubers of 77 G. elata samples with brown rot. Pathogens were identified by the pathogenicity test and morphological and molecular identification. The pathogenicity of each pathogen and its inhibitory effects on Armillaria gallica were compared. The results showed that 119 strains of fungi were isolated from tubers of G. elata infected with brown rot. Among them, the frequency of separation of Ilyonectria fungi was as high as 42.01%. The pathogenicity test showed that the pathogenicity characteristics of six strains of fungi were consistent with the natural symptoms of brown rot in G. elata. The morphological and molecular identification results showed that the six strains belonged to I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta in the Nectriaceae family of Sordariomycetes class, respectively. Both types of fungi could produce pigments, conidia, and chlamycospore, and the growth rate of I. cyclaminicola was significantly higher than that of I. robusta. The comparison of pathogenicity showed that the spots formed by I. cyclaminicola inoculation were significantly larger than those of I. robusta inoculation, suggesting I. cyclaminicola was superior to I. robusta in pathogenicity. The results of confrontation culture showed that I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta could signi-ficantly inhibit the germination and cordage growth of A. gallica. A. gallica also inhibited the growth of pathogens, and I. cyclaminicola was less inhibited as compared with I. robusta. The results of this study revealed for the first time that I. cyclaminicola and I. robusta were the pathogens responsible for G. elata brown rot.

关 键 词：天麻褐腐病 病原菌 土赤壳属 Ilyonectria cyclaminicola Ilyonectria robusta 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]