南海北部深水区油气勘探进展与未来展望  

Deep-Water Oil and Gas Exploration in Northern South China Sea:Progress and Outlook

作　　者：米立军 周守为 谢玉洪 张功成 杨海长 Mi Lijun;Zhou Shouwei;Xie Yuhong;Zhang Gongcheng;Yang Haizhang(CNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100028,China;China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]中海油研究总院有限责任公司,北京100028 [2]中国海洋石油集团有限公司,北京100010

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2022年第3期58-65,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“面向2035海洋能源开发及核心技术战略研究”(2020-ZD-13);国家科技重大专项(2008ZX05025,2011ZX05025,2016ZX05026)。

摘　　要：加大油气勘探开发力度,减少石油和天然气对外依存度,保障国家能源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题。“十一五”以来,中国海洋石油集团有限公司在南海北部深水领域持续加强基础研究,加快技术创新和加大勘探投入,相继获得一批重大油气勘探发现。本文阐述了五项重大勘探地质理论认识和两项勘探技术创新成果,探讨了深水油气勘探将要面临的挑战和应对策略,展望了南海北部深水区中深层、潜山及岩性圈闭三大领域的勘探前景。研究指出,南海北部陆缘深水区的拆离作用控制了珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地大型凹陷的形成,发育了湖相、海陆过渡相和海相三套规模烃源岩;高‒变地温控制凹陷烃源岩快速生烃,建立了琼东南盆地深水区大型轴向峡谷水道油气成藏模式、白云凹陷深水区深水扇天然气晚期成藏模式和深水区“断‒脊”联控油气差异聚集成藏模式。同时自主创新研发了立体震源激发和“犁形”缆接收的宽频采集处理技术。在多项地质理论认识和创新技术的指导下,发现以“深海一号”(陵水17-2)等为代表的一批大中型气田,对于保障粤港澳大湾区能源供应、促进海南自贸区(港)能源绿色发展、推动我国油气增储上产具有重要意义。Strengthening exploration and development of oil and gas is crucial for mitigating China’s reliance on oil and gas supply from foreign countries and ensuring national energy security.Since the 11th Five-Year period,fundamental research on the deep-water area of the northern South China Sea has been strengthened,along with the acceleration of technological innovation and increase in exploration investment.As a result,a series of major exploration discoveries were found.This paper presents five major learnings regarding the theories of exploration geology and two achievements in the innovation of exploration technology.It also discusses the new challenges and coping strategies for oil and gas exploration in deep-water areas,and prospects the exploration potentials of three major exploration fields-medium-deep layers,buried hills,and lithologic traps-in the deep-water area of the northern South China Sea.Our research shows that the detachment of the continental margin in the deep-water area of northern South China Sea controls the formation of large sags in the Pearl River Estuary Basin and the Qiongdongnan Basin.Three sets of large-scale source rocks were developed from lacustrine,terrestrial-marine transitional,and marine sedimentary facies.High yet variable subsurface temperature controls the rapid hydrocarbon generation from the source rocks in the sags.In addition,three different hydrocarbon accumulation modes were established:accumulation mode of large axial canyon channel in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin,late natural gas accumulation mode of deep-water fan in the deep-water area of Baiyun Sag,and differential hydrocarbon accumulation mode jointly controlled by fault and ridge.Meanwhile,the broadband seismic acquisition and processing technology for three dimensional source triggering and plow-like cable receiving was independently developed.Guided by several geological theories and innovative technologies,a series of large-and medium-sized gas fields represented by“Deep Sea No.1”(LS 17-2

关 键 词：南海北部 深水区 油气勘探 深水天然气 

分 类 号：TE5[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]