用于太阳直接辐射测量的自由曲面反射镜优化设计方法  

Optimization Design Method of Freeform Reflector for Direct Solar Radiation Measurement

作　　者：杨晓彤 张国玉[1,2,3] 张健 崇伟[1,4] 段宗涛 牛政杰[1] Yang Xiaotong;Zhang Guoyu;Zhang Jian;Chong Wei;Duan Zongtao;Niu Zhengjie(School of Opto-Electronic Engineering,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China;Jilin Engineering Research Center of Photoelectric Measurement&Control Instruments,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Measurement and Optical Information Transmission Technology,Ministry of Education,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China;Meteorological Observation Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林省光电测控仪器工程技术研究中心,吉林长春130022 [3]光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130022 [4]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《光学学报》2022年第9期214-223,共10页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190302124GX);长春理工大学科技创新基金(XJJLG-2018-02)。

摘　　要：为解决太阳直接辐射测量过程中跟踪装置导致的全年测量均匀性难以保证的关键问题、实现无需跟踪的太阳直接辐射全季全纬度均匀测量,提出了一种用于太阳直接辐射测量的自由曲面反射镜优化设计方法。分析了全球太阳直接辐射角度变化规律,建立了自由曲面反射镜初始结构模型;构建了时空尺度下辐照度均匀性(RFUS)评价函数,建立了二分进化与无余变长机制,提出了基于进化策略的自由曲面反射镜优化方法;以地球全纬度地区太阳直接辐射均匀测量为目标,迭代优化并仿真分析了染色体细分参量分别为3°,1°,0.5°,0.25°的4种代表性自由曲面反射镜面型。结果表明:染色体细分参量为0.25°时RFUS最优,为92.36%;搭建反射光斑中心位置及RFUS验证实验,所提方法得到的光斑中心最大直线距离约为1.5 mm,RFUS为90.34%,该方法可实现全时空太阳直接辐射均匀测量,为后续太阳辐射测量领域新产品和新应用提供理论基础和技术支持。This paper proposed an optimization design method of freeform reflectors for direct solar radiation measurement to solve the key problem that year-round measurement uniformity is difficult to guarantee due to the tracking device used in the process of direct solar radiation measurement and to achieve tracking-free full-season and full-latitude uniform measurement of direct solar radiation.The global variation law of the direct solar radiation angle was analyzed,and the initial structure model of a freeform reflector was built.An evaluation function of the radiative flux uniformity at spatiotemporal scales(RFUS)was constructed,a dichotomous evolution mechanism and a variable length mechanism without a remainder were developed,and an optimization method of freeform reflectors based on the evolutionary strategy was proposed.For the purpose of achieving full-latitude uniform measurement of direct solar radiation around the world,four representative freeform reflectors with chromosome subdivision parameters of 3°,1°,0.5°,and 0.25°,respectively,were iteratively optimized and simulated.The results show that the RFUS is the best,92.36%to be exact,when the chromosome subdivision parameter is 0.25°.Finally,tests were set up to verify the position of the reflection spot center and the RFUS.According to the results,the maximum linear distance of the spot center obtained by this method is about 1.5 mm,and RFUS is 90.34%.The proposed method can be used to achieve full-spatiotemporal uniform measurement of direct solar radiation,and it provides a theoretical basis and technical support for new products and applications in the field of solar radiation measurement.

关 键 词：光学设计 太阳直接辐射测量 自由曲面 进化策略 时空均匀性 非成像光学 

分 类 号：TH765[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] P414.5[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]