有标记语言现象与语法特性研究  

Marked Linguistic Phenomena and Studies of Grammatical Features

作　　者：吴义诚 戴颖 WU Yicheng;DAI Ying(Zhejiang University;School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Xihu District,Hangzhou 310058,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院 [2]浙江大学,杭州市310058

出　　处：《现代外语》2022年第3期306-317,共12页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于大型语料库的汉语弱组构性历时演变与语言演变规律研究”(18ZDA292)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以语言学界提出的“名动包含说”和“动词中心说”为例,重点讨论语法特性研究中语言事实的择取问题及由此导致的可能结果。本文指出:1)学界之所以存在两个互为矛盾的论断,在于它们错把有标记的语言现象视作一种语言的语法特性;2)语法特性研究一定要避免采用频率偏低、分布受限的语言现象;3)词语的一些用法常常涉及纷繁复杂的语境因素,可能会因人因时因地而异;因此,旨在描写和刻画语言成分恒常表现的语法研究,理应以脱离语境的句子为研究对象。Taking the“Noun Centeredness”and“Verb Centeredness”as examples,this paper addresses some issues concerning the selection of language facts in the study of grammatical features and the possible results.Under close examination,it is pointed out that:(1)the reason why two claims contradict each other is that they mistakenly take marked linguistic phenomena as the grammatical features of a language;(2)grammatical studies must avoid using those low-frequency phenomena with rather limited distributions;and(3)in view of the fact that usage tends to involve various sorts of contextual factors,grammatical studies are supposed to take context-free sentences as the object of study.

关 键 词：标记性 语用性 语法特性 名动包含说 动词中心说 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]