天然多糖与纳米材料在皮革无铬鞣制中的研究进展  

Research progress of natural polysaccharides and nanomaterials in leather chrome-free tanning

作　　者：沈一鸣 马建中 范倩倩[1,2,3,4] SHEN Yiming;MA Jianzhong;FAN Qianqian(College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry,Ministry of Education,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [2]轻化工助剂化学与技术教育部重点实验室,陕西科技大学,陕西西安710021 [3]西安市绿色化学品与功能材料重点实验室,陕西科技大学,陕西西安710021 [4]轻化工程国家级实验教学示范中心,陕西科技大学,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《精细化工》2022年第5期865-872,共8页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(21838007);生物质高值化利用及纳米复合材料创新团队项目(2021TD-16);轻化工助剂化学与技术教育部重点实验室开放课题(KFKT2020-08)。

摘　　要：鞣制是生皮转变为革的“点睛之笔”,铬鞣剂由于渗透性良好,鞣制后坯革综合性能优异等优点,一直在皮革鞣制中占据主导地位。近年来,越来越多的国家对含铬废弃物的排放限制升级,开发并推广无铬鞣技术势在必行。天然多糖类生物质材料尺寸可调、官能团丰富、渗透性好但鞣性不足;纳米材料含有大量金属离子,与皮胶原结合牢固而渗透性差,二者若可以结合使用,有望实现优势互补,取代铬鞣剂实现环境友好型无铬鞣制。在此背景下,综述了近年来皮革无铬鞣剂的最新研究进展,主要介绍了天然多糖类(淀粉、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖及纤维素)鞣剂以及纳米材料(蒙脱土、水滑石、笼型聚倍半硅氧烷及金属有机骨架化合物)鞣剂的改性以及在皮革无铬鞣制中的应用,最后,就当前无铬鞣剂研究中存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了讨论及展望。Tanning is a magical procedure for the transformation from raw hides to leather.Chrome tanning agents play a leading role in leather production due to their excellent penetration and comprehensive performance.In recent years,more and more countries have upgraded the emission limit of chromium-containing waste,so it is imperative to develop and popularize chromium-free tanning technology.Nature polysaccharide biomass materials have advantages such as adjustable molecular size,abundant functional groups and excellent penetration,but show insufficient tanning.Nanomaterials contain a large number of metal ions and have a strong bond with collagen fibers but poor permeability.If the two can be used together,it is expected to achieve complementary advantages and replace chrome tanning agent to achieve environmentally friendly chromium-free tanning.In this background,the latest progress about chrome-free tanning agents is summarized.The modification of natural polysaccharides including starch,sodium alginate,chitosan and cellulose tanning agents and nanomaterials such as montmorillonite,hydrotalcite cage type polysesquicasiloxane and metal-organic framework material tanning agents and their application in chromium-free tanning of leather are introduced.Accordingly,the current issues and future trends of chrome-free leather tanning agents are discussed.Finally,the existing problems and future development direction of chrome-free tanning agents are discussed and prospected.

关 键 词：无铬鞣剂 多糖 纳米材料 绿色皮革 清洁生产 

分 类 号：TS529.2[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程] TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]