作为“记忆之场”的族谱及其民俗学价值  

Genealogy as a“Memory Field”and Its Folkloristics Value

作　　者：王霄冰[1,2] WANG Xiaobing(China Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Chinese Department,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国非物质文化遗产研究中心,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学中文系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2022年第2期22-29,共8页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA163)。

摘　　要：作为中国宗族组织的重要标识物,族谱具有法国历史学家诺拉所谓的“记忆之场”的文化特征。它承载着一个家族乃至国家的文化记忆。从历史发展来看,族谱记录宗族谱系和人员名单的现实功能逐渐衰退,记忆功能日趋增强,其内容也并非完全是真实客观的历史记录,而是带有记忆性文本的特征。今后,民俗学对于族谱的研究可从四个方面入手加以推进:一是将其中的远古祖先叙事视为古代神话传说的活态传承方式,研究其体现在不同异文中的讲述策略;二是研究不同姓氏或支派的族谱和国家正史之间的互文关系,揭示中国传统社会礼俗互动、大传统与小传统相互交织的文化传承机制;三是透过修谱行为以及族谱中的世系图和行第排列观察中国家族的组织方式与秩序结构;四是研究族谱在不同地域和民族中的传播及其在地化特征。As an important symbol of Chinese clan organization,genealogy has the cultural characteristics of“memory field”called by French historian Nora.It carries the cultural memory of a family and even a country.From the perspective of historical development,the practical function of genealogy to record clan structure and name list gradually declines,while the memory function is constantly increasing.Genealogy contents are not completely true and objective historical records,but bear the characteristics of memory texts.Compared with history and anthropology,the study of genealogy in folkloristics is far from adequate.In the future,it can be improved from four aspects:The first point is to regard the ancient ancestor narration as a living way to inherit ancient myths and legends,and study the narrative strategies embodied in different alien texts.The second point is to study the intertextual relationship between the genealogies of different surnames/tribes,and the official history of the country,and reveal the cultural inheritance mechanism of the interaction of Chinese traditional social etiquette and customs,and the interweaving of major and minor traditions.The third point is to observe the organizational mode and hierarchical structure of Chinese families through the practice of revising genealogy and the genealogical chart and row arrangement in the genealogy.The fourth point is to study the spread of genealogy in different regions and nationalities and its localization characteristics.

关 键 词：族谱 神话传说 文化记忆 记忆之场 民俗资料 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学]