农村宅基地整理的自组织何以可能——基于公共池塘资源治理的视角  

Why is Self-Organized Rural Residential Land Consolidation Possible:From the Perspective of Common Pool Resources Governance

作　　者：王荣宇 WANG Rongyu(School of Public Affairs,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2022年第5期102-111,共10页China Land Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“促进乡村产业富民的宅基地盘活模式的原型研究”(72103175);国家社科基金重大项目“共享发展理念下的我国新型城乡土地制度体系构建研究”(16ZDA020);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大项目“自然资源资产产权制度改革重大问题研究”(20JZD013);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“制度规则、地方情境与宅基地盘活的组织模式选择研究”(21YJCZH164);福建省社科规划项目“多因素视角下福建省宅基地盘活利用的组织模式选择研究”(FJ2020C012)。

摘　　要：研究目的:基于公共池塘资源治理的视角,采用制度分析与发展(IAD)框架,以浙江省的典型实践为例,探讨农村宅基地整理的自组织模式产生的原因,为因地制宜改善农村人居环境和建设美丽宜居乡村提供学理支撑和路径参考。研究方法:理论分析法、案例分析法。研究结果:(1)农村宅基地资源规模和农户数量的化整为零可以减轻自组织宅基地整理的阻力;(2)具有充分的社会资本积累和积极有为的村庄领导者的农村社区以及自愿性和利益一致性较强的农户群体倾向于采用自组织模式实施宅基地整理;(3)自组织的宅基地整理还离不开符合地方实际的决策制定、行为选择、信息沟通、成本—收益分配等规则。研究结论:研究提供了来自中国农村宅基地整理的经验证据,印证了公共池塘资源治理的自组织模式成因的经典论断;实践中可以鼓励、引导和支持农户结合自身特征,适应好或利用好宅基地资源条件、农村社区特征和起作用的规则,以自组织模式推进农村宅基地整理。The purpose of this study is to explore the underlying pattern concerning why self-organized rural residential land consolidation emerges based on the framework of institutional analysis and development(IAD)and the practice in Zhejiang Province,from the perspective of common pool resources governance,to provide theoretical support and path reference for improving rural living conditions and constructing beautiful villages in accordance with the context-specific conditions.The research methods of theoretical analysis and case analysis are used in this study.The research results show that:1)an area of rural residential land and a group of rural households are divided into small scales to mitigate the obstacle to self-organized rural residential land consolidation;2)the rural community with sufficient social capital and extraordinary leadership as well as the rural households of strong voluntariness and interest consistency tend to select self-organized mode to enforce rural residential land consolidation;3)self-organized rural residential land consolidation depends on the rules of decision-making,choice,information and pay-offs that are aligned with local context.In conclusion,this study draws the empirical evidence from rural residential land consolidation to corroborate the classical inferences for the formation causality of self-organized common pool resources governance.In practice,rural households can be encouraged,guided and supported to adapt to and make full use of biophysical conditions of rural residential land,attributes of rural community and rules-in-use along with their own characteristics to propel rural residential land consolidation in a self-organized manner.

关 键 词：土地管理 农村宅基地整理 自组织 公共池塘资源 治理模式 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]