钢轨铝热焊接过程数值模拟研究与试验验证  

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Rail Thermit Welding Process and Experimental Verification

作　　者：高松福 任金雷 石孟雷 武志刚 宋宏图 GAO Songfu;REN Jinlei;SHI Menglei;WU Zhigang;SONG Hongtu(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Track Maintenance Department,China Railway Taiyuan Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan Shanxi 030002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁路太原局集团有限公司工务部,太原030002

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2022年第3期33-37,共5页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划基金项目(J2021G010)。

摘　　要：以60 kg/m钢轨铝热焊接为研究对象,通过三维建模和数值模拟的方法研究了焊接过程中,铝热焊剂生成钢液在型腔中的流动顺序和焊后焊头温度分布情况;通过钢轨和砂型实物模型试验对钢液在型腔中的流动顺序进行了验证;通过焊接前在焊头附近钢轨埋设热电偶的方法对焊后焊头温度分布进行了验证。结果表明:通过数值模拟方法能直观地观察钢液在型腔中的流动顺序和焊头的温度分布特征;试验验证和模拟结果一致表明,钢液注入型腔后,从钢轨端面轨头两侧流入到型腔内部,并直接流入到轨底区域;钢液浇入型腔后的冷却过程中,在距轨端50 mm位置,温度分布检测结果与模拟结果基本一致。The flow sequence of molten steel generated by thermit portion in the cavity and the temperature distribution during 60 kg/m rail thermit welding process were studied by three-dimensional modeling and numerical simulation.The flow sequence of molten steel in the mold cavity was verified by the experiment of rail and sand mold physical model.The temperature distribution of the welded joint after welding was verified by embedding thermocouples in the rail near the welded joint before welding.The results show that the flow sequence of molten steel in the cavity and the temperature distribution characteristics of the welding joint at a specific time and location can be observed intuitively by the numerical simulation method.The experimental verification results and simulation results show that after the molten steel is injected into the cavity,it flows into the cavity from both sides of the rail end face and rail head,and directly into the rail bottom area.During the cooling process after the molten steel is poured into the cavity,the results of temperature distribution detected by embedded thermocouples is basically the same with the simulation results at the position of 50 mm away from the rail end.

关 键 词：钢轨 铝热焊接 数值模拟 试验验证 

分 类 号：U213.9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]