强人工智能体刑事主体地位的否定及其法理辨析  

On the Negation of the Criminal Subject Status of High-class Artificial Intelligence Agent and its Legal Analysis

作　　者：宗绍昊 ZONG Shaohao

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《湖南广播电视大学学报》2022年第2期60-68,共9页Journal of Hunan Radio and Television University

摘　　要：在众多法律规制手段中,通过赋予强人工智能体刑事主体地位以达到规制目的的方法被寄予厚望,并存在肯定论、否定论与折衷论之争。这些争议存在讨论对象不统一、讨论逻辑跳跃以及逻辑链条未显现等问题。按照从犯罪论到刑罚论的逻辑对讨论范式进行重构,强人工智能体刑事主体地位相继涉及行为的可解释性要素、责任的可承担性要素、刑罚的可适用性要素,以及可能决定其范围的现实必要性要素。在这些要素中,前一要素是否定后一要素的关键理由,却非唯一理由,由此奠定了全要素讨论的必要性及其实质上的相互关联性。但是,强人工智能体无法满足以上任一要求。至于持折衷论者提出的正当防卫、共同犯罪等难题,否定论立场均能妥善解决。同时,持折衷论者虽立足教义学立场却运用类推解释,虽否定强人工智能体主体资格却又承认其自由意志,缺乏合理性。因此,强人工智能体的刑事主体地位应被否定。Among many legal regulation means,the method of giving strong artificial intelligence the dominant position in criminal law is expected to achieve the goal of regulation,and there are arguments of positive conclusion,negative conclusion and compromise theory.These disputes have some problems,such as the disunity of the discussion object,the jump of the discussion logic and the absence of the logical chain.According to the logic from the theory of crime to the theory of punishment,the discussion paradigm is reconstructed.The strong AI criminal subject status involves the elements of interpretability of behavior,affordability of responsibility,applicability of penalty,and realistic necessity that may determine its scope.Among these elements,the former is the key reason for negating the latter,but not the only one,thus establishing the necessity and essential interrelation of the total factor discussion.However,strong AI cannot satisfy all the elements.As for the difficult problems such as justifiable defense and joint crime put forward by the eclectic theorists,the negative stance can be properly solved.At the same time,the eclectic theorists,based on doctrinal standpoint,explain by analogy,and deny the subject qualification of strong artificial intelligence but admit its free will,which lacks rationality.Therefore,the criminal subject status of strong AI should be denied.

关 键 词：强人工智能体 刑事主体地位 自由意志 行为的可解释性 责任与刑罚 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]