中国工业企业"规模偏好"的生产率驱动:学习效应还是选择效应  

Productivity-Driven on Chinese Industrial Enterprises"Scale Preference":Learning Effect or Selection Effect

作　　者：叶祥松 黎美玲 张少华 YE Xiangsong;LI Meiling;ZHANG Shaohua(Guangzhou University,School of Economics and Statistics,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学经济与统计学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中国软科学》2022年第5期112-122,共11页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金常规面上项目“中国企业和城市规模分布异化的政策根源、形成机制与效率评估”(72073038);“中国的‘中部迷失’问题:典型事实、形成机理及宏观后果”(71673253);广州市宣传文化人才培养专项经费(穗宣通(2021)11号)

摘　　要：自20世纪90年代中期以来,我国各级政府和各行业一直对大型企业怀有特殊偏好,企业更是以进军中国500强和世界500强为奋斗目标.本文旨在揭示中国企业这种"规模偏好"背后的微观驱动机制.基于1999—2013年中国工业企业数据库,证实在追求规模过程中形成的学习效应和学习扩张效应是中国工业企业构筑生产率优势的主要来源,这种学习效应在技术密集型行业、西部地区、国有企业以及存续年限较长的大型企业中表现更为突出.可见,中国工业企业的"规模偏好"是在特定历史发展阶段企业为应对当下发展困境,主动参与市场竞争的权宜之计和次优选择,是企业为构筑长期竞争优势所作突围措施和占优策略.企业借助一定规模不仅克服了自身生存问题,而且通过规模扩张实现了动态发展问题,逐步走出一条适合自身的稳健发展之路,这也是一条自强不息、从量变到质变的蜕变之路.Since the mid-1990s,Chinese governments at all levels and various industries have always had a special preference for large enterprises.Enterprises will enter China's top 500 and the world*s top 500 as their goal.This paper aims to provide a reasonable economic explanation for the Scale preference drive of Chinese enterprises.Based on the database of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1999 to 2013,this paper confirms the learning effect and learning expansion effect formed by Chinese industrial enterprises are the main sources of their productivity advantages.This learning effect is more prominent in technology-intensive,western regions,state-owned enterprises and large enterprises with long life.This paper holds that“scale preference”is an expedient and second-best choice for enterprises to take the initiative to participate in market competition in a specific historical development stage in order to cope with the current development difficulties,and a breakthrough measure and dominant strategy for Chinese industrial enterprises to build long-term competitive advantages.Through scale expansion,enterprises win a foothold in the fierce market competition,and then achieve the dynamic development,gradually take a path of steady development that suits itself,which is also a path of constant self-improvement and transformation from quantity to quality.

关 键 词：规模偏好 学习效应 学习扩张效应 选择效应 

分 类 号：F22[经济管理—国民经济] F27