基于当量距离算法的山洪灾害避灾路线研究  

Research on Route of Mountain Flood Disaster Avoidance based on Equivalent Distance Algorithm

作　　者：章超钦 薛丰昌 陈笑娟[2] 李婷 韩宇 江健 汤伟干 ZHANG Chaoqin;XUE Fengchang;CHEN Xiaojuan;LI Ting;HAN Yu;JIANG Jian;TANG Weigan(School of Remote Sensing&Geomatics Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Hebei Meteorological Disaster Prevention Center,Shijiazhuang 050000;Digital Fujian Institute of Meteorological Big Data(Minnan Normal University),Zhangzhou 363000;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Meteorological disaster Geographic Information Engineering Laboratory,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院,南京210044 [2]河北省气象灾害防御中心,石家庄050000 [3]数字福建气象大数据研究所(闽南师范大学),漳州363000 [4]气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室(南京信息工程大学),南京210044 [5]南京信息工程大学气象灾害地理信息工程实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2022年第5期864-874,共11页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：河北省气象灾害防御中心气象灾害监测预警工程-山区村气象灾害风险地图编制项目(2211042001101);数字福建气象大数据研究所(闽南师范大学)开放基金(202010701)。

摘　　要：山区乡村防灾减灾能力薄弱,山洪灾害突发性强,避灾响应时间短,容易造成人员伤亡,合理设计避灾路线,有助于降低灾害损失。本文基于GIS技术,以河北省邢台市田白芷村所在山区避灾路线规划为例,通过高分辨率无人机摄影测量获得研究区DEM数字高程模型和正射影像。以坡度作为避灾阻力值,利用成本距离和成本路径函数计算山区初始避灾路线,以山洪沟所在区域、坡度较大区域作为避灾路线阻隔,同时充分考虑现有山路,优化形成最终避灾路线,基于避灾路线的距离和平均坡度2个指标将研究得到的避灾路线与原有的避灾路线进行定量对比分析。研究结果表明:①在设计形成的20条远距离避灾路线中,该方法能够缩短18条避灾路线的长度,同时有10条线路的平均坡度得到降低,其余8条线路平均坡度的增加控制在2°以内;②生成的路线较原始路线单条最长可缩短329.74 m,且平均坡度仅增加0.68°,实现增加少量的平均坡度来缩短避灾距离,从而提高避灾效率;③剩余2条路线分别增加了15.21 m和9.57 m行程使得平均坡度降低了8.43°和1.43°,实现增加少量的距离来降低线路的平均坡度,从而提高避灾的安全性;④田白芷村南部临近避灾点,避灾难度较低,而田白芷村北部到达避灾点的行程较长,最远长达1210.02 m,避灾难度较大。优化后的避灾路径与大坡度阻隔区域分离,与山洪沟的贴合度也大大降低,可为相关决策人员提供科学依据。The ability of disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous and rural areas is weak.Mountain flood disasters have strong suddenness,and the response time of disaster avoidance is short,which are likely to cause casualties.Reasonable design of avoidance routes can help reduce losses caused by disasters.Based on GIS,this paper designs disaster avoidance routes in Tianbaizhi Village,Xingtai City,in the Hebei Province.The Digital Elevation Model(DEM)and orthophoto of the research area are obtained through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry.Factors that influence disaster avoidance route planning including slope,cost distance,and function of cost path are used to calculate the initial avoidance route in the mountainous areas.The area where the mountain flood ditch is located and the area with a large slope are used as the interrupted area of the disaster avoidance route.The existing mountain roads are fully considered and rationally used to optimize the final disaster avoidance route.Based on the distance and average slope of the disaster avoidance route,the disaster avoidance route obtained by this method is quantitatively compared with the original disaster avoidance route.The result shows that(1)Among the 20 long-distance disaster avoidance routes designed,this method shortens the length of 18 routes,reduces the average slope of 10 routes,and controls the increase of the average slope of the other 8 routes within 2°;(2)Compared with the original route,the maximum length of each route can be shortened by 329.74 m,and the average slope only increases by 0.68°.The disaster avoidance distance is shortened by adding a small amount of average slope,which improves the disaster avoidance efficiency;(3)The length of remaining two routes increases by 15.21 m and 9.57 m,respectively,resulting in an average slope reduction of 8.43°and 1.43°.The average slope of the routes is reduced by adding a small amount of distance,which improves the safety of disaster avoidance routes;(4)The southern part of Tianbaizhi Vi

关 键 词：山洪灾害 山区乡村 避灾阻力 路径通达 避灾路线 成本距离 平均坡度 避灾路程 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TV87[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] X43[水利工程—水利水电工程]