东江湖表层沉积物重金属污染特征与潜在生态风险评价  

Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risks of Surface Sediments in Dongjiang Lake

作　　者：赵晓亮 李响 卢洪斌[2,3] 卢少勇 王涛[2] 张森霖 国晓春[2] 张静[2] 弥启欣 刘晓贺 宋书峰 ZHAO Xiao-liang;LI Xiang;LU Hong-bin;LU Shao-yong;WANG Tao;ZHANG Sen-lin;GUO Xiao-chun;ZHANG Jing;MI Qi-xin;LIU Xiao-he;SONG Shu-feng(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Water Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Life Science,Cangzhou Normal University,Cangzhou 061001,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站,北京100012 [3]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [4]沧州师范学院生命科学学院,沧州061001

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第6期3048-3057,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110900);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07208008);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC180380104);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(LJ2020JCL031)。

摘　　要：为了解东江湖表层沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布特征以及潜在生态风险和来源,采集了东江湖12个点位的表层沉积物,对其中20种重金属(Li、Be、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Rb、Sr、Ag、Cd、Cs、Ba、Pb和U)的含量进行分析.采用地累积指数法和潜在风险指数法评估了沉积物重金属的污染程度和潜在风险,并利用相关性分析和主成分分析对主要重金属进行了溯源分析.结果表明,东江湖沉积物重金属中ω(Cd)(2.25 mg·kg^(-1))和ω(As)(80.80 mg·kg^(-1))的平均值分别是湖南省背景值(0.11 mg·kg^(-1)和14.7 mg·kg^(-1))的21.2倍和5.5倍,污染相对严重,重金属空间分布整体呈现:南部>北部>中部.地累积指数法评价显示Cd为偏重度污染,As和Se为偏中度污染水平,Ag和Ga为轻度污染.潜在生态风险指数评价表明东江湖表层沉积物整体表现为高风险水平,主要环境风险因子分别为Cd和As,分别表现为极高风险和中等风险.To understand the pollution characteristics,spatial distribution characteristics,potential ecological risks,and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongjiang Lake,12 surface sediment samples were collected from Dongjiang Lake.The contents of 20 heavy metals including Li,Be,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,As,Se,Rb,Sr,Ag,Cd,Cs,Ba,Pb,and U were analyzed in this study.The geo-accumulation index method and potential risk index method were used to evaluate the pollution degree and potential risks of heavy metals in sediments,and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to trace the source of the primary heavy metals.The results showed that the average contents ofω(Cd)(2.25 mg·kg^(-1))andω(As)(80.80 mg·kg^(-1))in heavy metals of Dongjiang Lake sediments were 21.2 times and 5.5 times the background value(0.11 mg·kg^(-1)and 14.7 mg·kg^(-1))of Hunan province.The overall spatial distribution of heavy metals was in the order of South>North>Central.The evaluation by the geo-accumulation index method showed that Cd was at the heavy pollution level,As and Se were at the moderate pollution level,Ag and Ga were at the light pollution level,and the other heavy metals were below the pollution standard.The evaluation by the potential risk index showed that all the surface sediments of Dongjiang Lake were at the high-risk level.The main environmental risk factor was Cd,which had an extremely high risk;the second was As,which had a medium risk;and the remaining heavy metals had no ecological risk.

关 键 词：东江湖 沉积物 重金属 污染特征 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]