龙门石窟大卢舍那像龛太阳辐射特征研究  

Research on solar radiation characteristics in Vairocana Buddha niche in Longmen Grottoes

作　　者：孟圆悦 闫增峰[1] 王江丽 倪平安 刘叶 MENG Yuanyue;YAN Zengfeng;WANG Jiangli;NI Ping’an;LIU Ye(Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055;He’nan University of Architecture and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055 [2]河南科技大学建筑学院,洛阳471000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第6期129-138,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51978554,51378412);河南省社科联、省经团联2021年度调研课题(SKL-2021-553)资助。

摘　　要：太阳辐射是引起文物表面温度变化最主要的外扰因素。文中对龙门石窟大卢舍那像龛太阳辐射变化特征进行了研究,分析了造像表面太阳辐射总量的变化规律。研究结果表明:1)受窟龛朝向影响,窟龛北壁太阳辐射年总量大于正壁和南壁,且差异明显。2)与太阳活动轨迹季节性波动相关,南壁和正壁造像表面全年太阳辐射月总量呈单峰值变化,6月达到峰值;北壁呈多峰值波动变化,4、9、12月达到峰值,6月出现谷值。3)南壁和正壁文物太阳辐射强度随造像高度增大而增大,北壁出现反常。窟内文物病害类型与其所处朝向、所在高度太阳辐射强度的变化高度关联。文物风化裂隙的形成与太阳辐射的季节性波动相吻合,而低温高湿环境中苔藓植物覆盖与太阳辐射接收量的朝向差异相对应。文中研究可为改善文物赋存环境及制定预防性保护措施提供科学支撑。Solar radiation is the most important external disturbance factor causing temperature changes on the surface of cultural relics.In this study,the changing characteristics of solar radiation in the Vairocana Buddha niche were studied,and the changing pattern of solar radiation reception on the surface of the statue was analyzed.The results show that:1)Tthe annual total solar radiation received by the north wall is greater than that received by the main and south walls due to the orientation of the niche,and the differences are significant.2)Related to seasonal fluctuations in solar activity trajectories,the total monthly solar radiation on the surfaces of the south wall and the main wall statues shows single-peak changes throughout the year,peaking in June;the north wall shows multi-peak fluctuations,peaking in April,September and December,with a trough in June.3)The solar radiation intensity of the south wall and the main wall statues increases with the height,while the north wall appears anomalous.The types of disease in the cave is highly correlated with the variation in the intensity of solar radiation at a particular orientation and height of the cultural relics.The formation of weathering cracks in cultural relics coincides with seasonal fluctuations in solar radiation,while mossy plant cover in low-temperature and high-moisture environments corresponds with orientation differences in solar radiation reception.This study can provide scientific support for improving the host environment of stone cultural relics and developing preventive protection measures.

关 键 词：石质文物 大卢舍那像龛 赋存环境 太阳辐射 预防性保护 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]