省会城市不同功能区大气PM_(2.5)化学组分季节变化及来源分析  

Source Apportionment and Seasonal Changes in PM_(2.5) Chemical Components from Different Functional Areas of a Provincial Capital City

作　　者：孙友敏[1] 范晶 徐标 李彦 韩红 张桂芹[1,3] SUN You-min;FAN Jing;XU Biao;LI Yan;HAN Hong;ZHANG Gui-qin(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji'nan 250101,China;Shandong Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center,Ji'nan 250101,China;Research Institute of Resources and Environment Innovation,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji'nan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,济南250101 [2]山东省生态环境监测中心,济南250101 [3]山东建筑大学资源与环境创新研究院,济南250101

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第5期2304-2316,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：济南市政府大气来源解析采购项目(402015202000024-001);济南市高校创新团队项目(2020GXRC008)。

摘　　要：为探究城市不同功能区大气PM_(2.5)污染水平、成分季节差异特征以及来源,采集了省会城市济南市2019年不同季节(春、秋、冬)3类典型功能区(城市市区、工业区、城乡结合区)和环境背景点植物园区的PM_(2.5)样品,对其浓度[ρ(PM_(2.5))]、化学组分(水溶性离子、碳质组分、元素)和来源进行分析.结果表明采样期间3类功能区ρ(PM_(2.5))在空间上呈现:工业区[(89.88±49.25)μg·m^(-3)]>城乡结合区[(86.73±57.24)μg·m^(-3)]>城市市区[(70.70±44.89)μg·m^(-3)],远大于植物园区[(44.36±21.54)μg·m^(-3)].各功能区ρ(PM_(2.5))秋冬季明显高于春季,冬季最高值出现在城乡结合区,春季和秋季均为工业区最高.工业区各季PM_(2.5)中的水溶性离子浓度较高,主要的水溶性离子NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)和NH_(4)^(+)的占比之和在城市市区秋季较大(52.30%),占比之和在城乡结合区与城市市区季节相差不大.春季各功能区SO_(4)^(2-)浓度占比最大;秋季和冬季NO_(3)^(-)浓度占比最大,NO_(3)^(-)浓度占比最高出现在秋季的城市市区(29.98%).工业区各元素浓度明显大于其他功能区,尤其是秋季Fe元素和冬季Pb元素浓度最高,城乡结合区冬季的Si元素浓度最高,K元素在工业区和城乡结合区秋冬季浓度较高.城乡结合区和工业区PM_(2.5)中OC和EC浓度水平相近,高于城市市区,城市市区冬季OC/EC比值大于5,说明该区域采样时段燃煤的排放占主要来源.应用受体模型化学质量平衡来源解析结果表明,二次源(硫酸盐+硝酸盐+二次有机碳)的贡献率几乎占到PM_(2.5)源类的一半,其中二次硝酸盐是3类功能区秋冬季PM_(2.5)首要贡献源(31.90%~39.45%),秋季贡献率高低顺序为城市市区、城乡结合区和工业区,冬季贡献率高低顺序为城乡结合区、城市市区和工业区.机动车贡献率为9.81%~26.75%,在工业区和城乡结合区贡献率较大,其中工业区的春季贡献率最大.植物园区扬尘�To explore seasonal characteristics and source apportionment in the atmosphere of different functional areas of a provincial capital city,PM_(2.5) samples were collected from three typical functional areas(an urban area,industrial area,and urban-rural transition area)and a botanical garden area,which served as the ambient atmospheric background site,during three seasons(spring,autumn,and winter)in 2019 in Ji'nan.The mass concentration,chemical components(water-soluble ions,chemical elements,and carbon components),and sources of PM_(2.5) were analyzed in all PM_(2.5) samples.The results showed that during the observation period,theρ(PM_(2.5))spatially followed a descending sequence of industrial area[(89.88±49.25)μg·m^(-3)]>urban-rural transition area[(86.73±57.24)μg·m^(-3)]>urban area[(70.70±44.89)μg·m^(-3)]and was much higher than that in the botanical garden area[(44.36±21.54)μg·m^(-3)].ρ(PM_(2.5))in each functional area in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring.The highest value ofρ(PM_(2.5))in spring and autumn was observed in the industrial area,whereas in winter,the highest value ofρ(PM_(2.5))was observed in the urban-rural transition area.The mass concentration of water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5) was relatively high in each season in the industrial area,and the sum of the proportions of NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NH_(4)^(+)in PM_(2.5) was the highest in the urban area in autumn(52.30%).The sum of the proportions of NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NH_(4)^(+)in PM_(2.5) was similar in the urban-rural transition area and urban area.The proportion of SO_(4)^(2-)in PM_(2.5) in each functional area was the largest in spring.The proportion of NO_(3)^(-)in PM_(2.5)was the largest in autumn and winter,and the highest value(29.98%)occurred in the urban area in autumn.The concentration of each element in the industrial area was significantly higher than those in other functional areas.The concentration of Fe in autumn and Pb in winter in the industrial area were the highest.The concen

关 键 词：细颗粒物 功能区 化学组分 化学质量平衡 来源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]