两种油菜配施水溶性壳聚糖修复典型铅污染农田土壤  

Phytoremediation Efficiency of Two Cultivars of Brassica napus L. Under Water-soluble Chitosan Treatment in Typical Pb-contaminated Farmland Soils

作　　者：孟晓飞 郑国砥[1,2] 陈同斌 杨俊兴[1,2] 郭俊娒 刘杰[4] MENG Xiao-fei;ZHENG Guo-di;CHEN Tong-bin;YANG Jun-xing;GUO Jun-mei;LIU Jie(Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Jinzhong 030600,China;College of Bioscience and Resources Environment,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,晋中030600 [4]北京农学院生物与资源环境学院,北京102206

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第5期2741-2750,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771509,41907125);国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFC1802604,2018YFD0800600);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M650827);人才培养质量建设-高水平人才交叉培养计划-实培计划项目(PXM2020_014207_000009)。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同品种的油菜(Brassica napus L.)配施螯合剂对铅(Pb)污染土壤的修复效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,研究了甘蓝型油菜品种秦油1号(QY-1)和白菜型油菜品种三月黄(SYH)在0%、2%和4%的水溶性壳聚糖(WSC)处理下对中国北方河南和南方广西两种典型Pb污染农田土壤中Pb吸收和转运的影响,并进一步在河南某Pb污染农田通过田间小区试验比较了两个油菜品种在WSC条件下的修复效率和经济效益.结果表明,盆栽条件下,与对照处理相比,QY-1和SYH的生物量受WSC含量和土壤类型影响显著,随着WSC含量增加QY-1的生物量在两种土壤条件下呈下降趋势,而低含量WSC处理下SYH生物量显著提高,在高含量WSC处理下生物量下降.如广西Pb污染土壤上2%WSC处理下SYH生物量上升最明显,与对照处理相比,生物量提高了80.96%.两个油菜品种不同部位Pb含量也受WSC含量和土壤类型的影响,QY-1地上部分和根部分在河南Pb污染土壤上随WSC含量的升高而增加,在广西Pb污染土壤上随WSC含量的升高而降低.Pb提取量是评价植物修复效率的关键.盆栽和田间试验结果表明,SYH配施WSC处理的Pb吸收量明显高于QY-1,地上部Pb提取量更高,更适合用于土壤Pb污染修复.此外,田间试验结果发现本研究两种油菜籽所制取的成品油中Pb含量均远低于食品安全国家标准(GB 2762-2017)中油脂ω(Pb)的限值(≤0.1 mg·kg^(-1)).因此,种植冬油菜联合WSC的"边修复,边利用"的模式在治理我国典型Pb污染农田土壤具有较大的应用潜力.A pot trial was used to explore the absorption and transportation of the Pb of QY-1 and SYH(Brassica napus L.)under 0%,2%,and 4%water-soluble chitosan(WSC)treatments in two typical Pb-contaminated farmland soils in China(north:Henan province and south:Guangxi province).Based on the results of the pot trial,a field experiment was conducted to compare the remediation efficiency of the QY-1 and SYH under WSC treatment in northern farmland soil,and the environmental risk and economic value under field conditions were analyzed.The results of the pot trial showed that the biomasses of QY-1 and SYH were significantly affected by WSC addition and soil type compared with that of the control.The biomass of QY-1 was reduced with the application of WSC,and the shoot and root biomass of SYH were significantly increased under the treatment of low concentrations of WSC;conversely,these were decreased under the treatment of high concentrations of WSC.The shoot biomass of SYH increased notably under the 2%WSC treatment in Guangxi soil,which increased by 80.96%compared with that of the control treatment.Lead concentrations in different parts of B.napus were also affected by WSC addition and soil type.Pb in the shoots and roots of QY-1 increased with increasing WSC addition in Henan soil,whereas it decreased with the increase in WSC addition in Guangxi soil.The extraction amount of Pb was the key to evaluating the efficiency of phytoremediation.Lead uptake of QY-1 showed an increasing trend in Henan soil but a decreasing trend in Guangxi soil.In Guangxi soil,although the total Pb uptake of the QY-1 and SYH-combined application of 2%WSC was not significantly different,the biomass and Pb absorption amount of the SYH-combined application of 2%WSC were significantly higher than that of QY-1,and the shoot Pb extraction amount was higher.The results of the field experiment also confirmed that the phytoremediation efficiency of SYH combined with WSC was higher than that of QY-1.Additionally,concentrations of Pb in the rapeseed oils of QY-

关 键 词：铅(Pb) 农田 油菜 植物修复 水溶性壳聚糖 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]