从分散到综合:英国1872年食品、饮料和药品修正案法的由来和影响  

From Dispersion to Synthesis: The Origin and Influence of the Food, Drink and Drugs Amendment Act of 1872 in England

作　　者：兰教材 LAN Jiaocai(Department of History,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院历史系,湛江524048

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期40-49,共10页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“英国食品药品安全体制建构历程研究(1850—1938)”(19YJC770017);岭南师范学院2016年校级人才专项项目“英国近代食品药品安全发展史研究”(1170917001)。

摘　　要：1872年,英国议会通过了食品、饮料和药品修正案,这是英国历史上第一部将食品和药品放在一起管理的法律。这部法律的通过是由多方面的因素促成的,它继承了1860年反食品掺假法和1868年制药法的原则,加大了对违法行为的处罚力度,进一步明确了执法者的责任,并且使该法的执行具有一定的强制性。1872年法虽然有一些缺陷,导致执行效果不佳,但王座法院根据该法作出的判决却赋予了它新的含义,确立了食品领域的过错推定责任原则,初步改变了英国已经存在了数百年的司法观念。In 1872,the British Parliament passed the Food, Drink and Drugs Amendment which is the first law in British history to regulate food and drugs together. A number of factors contributes to the passage of the Act of 1872 which inherits the principles of the Food and Drink Adulteration Prevention Act of 1860 and the Pharmacy Act of 1868. It had increased penalties for violations of the law, further clarified the responsibilities of enforcers and made the enforcement of the act mandatory. Although there are some defects in the Act of 1872,which leads to poor implementation effects, the judgement made by the Court of Queen’s Bench based on the act gave it new meaning, that was to establish the principle of presumption of fault liability in the food field, and initially changed the concept of justice that had existed in Britain for hundreds of years.

关 键 词：英国议会 食品药品掺假 1872年法 过错推定责任原则 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]