外资效应、经济复杂度与内资企业出口市场拓展  

Foreign-owned enterprises effect,economic complexity and the export market expansion of domestic enterprises

作　　者：任卓然 徐青文 贺灿飞[1,2] 李伟[3] REN Zhuoran;XU Qingwen;HE Canfei;LI Wei(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy,Beijing 100871,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心,北京100871 [3]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《地理研究》2022年第6期1554-1576,共23页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731278);国家自然科学基金项目(42171169)

摘　　要：外资企业对内资企业出口能力提升和出口市场拓展具有重要影响。本文基于2000—2016年中国地级市出口数据,分析中国内资企业出口市场拓展格局,研究外资效应对内资企业进入新出口市场和出口额增长的影响,并依据经济和技术复杂度检验外资效应的区域和产业异质性。描述性分析发现:①内资企业出口在国内呈多级连片格局,逐渐向非洲和拉丁美洲等新兴市场拓展。②处于低复杂度城市/产业的内资企业更倾向于拓展新出口市场,处于高复杂度城市/产业的内资企业则倾向于提升出口额。计量模型结果表明:①外资企业推动了内资企业出口额增长,但抑制了其进入新出口市场,分别表现出溢出效应和竞争效应。②从区域和产业异质性来看,外资企业仅在高复杂度城市/产业阻碍了内资企业出口市场拓展,表现出竞争效应;而在低复杂度城市/产业则表现为溢出效应。③相较于低经济复杂度城市,高经济复杂度城市的内资企业受到的竞争和溢出效应均更强。Foreign-owned enterprises(FOEs)have an important impact on export capacity enhancement and export market expansion of domestic enterprises.Based on the export data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2016,this paper analyzes the export market expansion pattern of Chinese domestic enterprises,explores the impact of FOEs'spillover effects and competition effects on domestic enterprises'access to new export markets and export value growth,and tests the regional and industrial heterogeneity of FOEs'effects based on economic and product complexity.The descriptive analysis finds that,first,the export distribution of domestic enterprises is in a multi-level contiguous pattern across the country,with domestic enterprises gradually expanding to emerging markets such as Africa and Latin America;second,domestic enterprises in regions(industries)with low economic complexity or those with low product complexity tend to expand new export markets,while domestic enterprises in regions/industires with high economic complexity or those with high product complexity tend to increase export value.The econometric model shows that,first,FOEs promote the growth of domestic enterprises'export value,showing a spillover effect,but they inhibit the domestic enterprises from entering new export markets,showing a competitive effect in the markets of developed countries;second,in regions with higher economic complexity and industries with higher product complexity,FOEs show stronger competitive effects,hindering domestic enterprises from expanding new export markets,while in regions/industries with lower complexity,FOEs have strong spillover effects;third,compared with those in regions with low economic complexity,domestic enterprises in regions with higher economic complexity are subject to stronger competition and spillover effects.

关 键 词：出口 内资企业 溢出效应 竞争效应 经济复杂度 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学] F124F752.62