弹幕与规训:网络直播中的性别凝视——基于斗鱼大数据的分析  

Bullet Screen and Discipline:Gender Gaze in Webcast Based on Douyu Big Data

作　　者：徐敬宏 张如坤 郭婧玉 巩见坤 XU Jinghong;ZHANG Rukun;GUO Jingyu;GONG Jiankun(School of Journalism and Communication,Beijing Normal University;Department of Media and Communication Studies,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学新闻传播学院 [2]马来亚大学媒体与传播研究院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2022年第4期146-167,共22页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：近年来,随着男主播的热度不断攀升,以女性为主要建构对象的传统凝视理论已难以解释网络直播的新动向。本文通过对斗鱼主播弹幕大数据的分析,提出凝视的新范式。研究发现,“男性凝视”在弹幕构建的“环形监狱”中发生了变化,作为“监视者”的观众通过“他者”身份的界定、资本的支持来规训主播,同时主播积极地接受这种规训。观众对主播的身体关注呈现符号化、分割化的特点,窥视和占有的性别边界开始模糊,男女二元对立的桎梏逐渐瓦解,“男色消费”兴起。In recent years,the popularity of male anchors has continued to rise,and traditional gaze theories are unable to explain the new trends in webcasting.This article proposes a new paradigm of gaze for live webcasts based on the big data analysis of Douyu’s anchors.We found that the“male gaze”has changed in the“panopticon”constructed by the bullet screen.The audience,as the monitor,disciplines anchors through the definition of the“others”and the support of capital power,and anchors are active to accept it.The audience’s attention to the anchors’body is symbolized and divided.The gender boundary of peeking and possession begain to blur,the shackles of the binary opposition between men and women are breaking gradually,and“male sex consumption”is growing.

关 键 词：网络直播平台 弹幕 网络主播 凝视理论 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]