人机迫近交互下智能施工机械安全运行决策方法  

A decision-making method for safe operation of intelligent construction machinery within the context of human-machine approaching interaction

作　　者：郭红领[1] 马羚 叶啸天 张智慧[1] 罗柱邦 Guo Hongling;Ma Ling;Ye Xiaotian;Zhang Zhihui;Luo Zhubang(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2022年第5期107-115,128,共10页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51578318,51208282);清华大学国强研究院(2019GQI0003,2019GQC0004)。

摘　　要：建筑业面临着工人老龄化和安全生产形势严峻等问题,智能建造被认为是解决这些问题的有效途径。智能建造场景下人与智能施工机械将长期共存,存在大量的人-机迫近交互作业,故存在人-机碰撞风险。然而,对此当前尚缺乏有效的安全管理方法。文章基于速度和分离监测方法,提出了以保护性分离距离和停止保护距离为双重临界的施工机械安全运行决策方法,以支持机械运动的动态调整。此外,设计并实施了施工机械安全运行模拟试验。结果表明,文章构建的方法:(1)能够降低人机交互系统的碰撞风险;(2)在人机迫近或远离过程中保护人机安全;(3)在一定程度上提升了人机系统的效率。因此,文章成果可丰富智能建造安全管控知识体系,提升智能建造现场人机交互的安全水平,推进智能建造的发展与应用。The construction industry is facing problems such as the aging of workers and the severe safety production situation.Under this condition, intelligent construction is considered to be an effective way to solve these problems.Within the context of intelligent construction, human and intelligent construction machinery will coexist for a long time, and there will be a large number of human-machine interactive operations.However, it still lacks an effective safety management method to evaluate the human-machine collision risks in the human-machine interactive operations.Based on the speed and separation monitoring method, this research proposes a decision-making method for the safe operation of intelligent construction machinery, taking protective separation distance and stop protection distance as two critical points, to support the dynamic adjustment of machinery movement.Besides, a simulation experiment was designed and implemented to prove the validity of the proposed method.The result shows that the method(1) can reduce the collision risk of the human-machine interaction system;(2) can ensure the safety of human and machine when they are approaching or moving away;and(3) can improve the efficiency of the human-machine system to a certain extent.Therefore, the knowledge of safety management and control in intelligent construction are enriched, the safety level of human-machine interaction in intelligent construction sites is improved, and the development and application of intelligent construction is promoted.

关 键 词：智能建造 人机交互 施工机械 速度和分离监测 安全运行决策 

分 类 号：TU714[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]