犬戎图腾崇拜的文化符号——从“狼形车饰”探马家塬战国墓之族属问题  

The Cultural Symbols Displayed in Totemism of Quanrong Ethical Group—— Exploring Ethnicity with Wolf-shaped Cart Decorations Excavated from Warring States Periods Tombs in Majiayuan

作　　者：余永红[1] Yu Yonghong(School of Fine Arts and Design,Longnan Teachers College,Chengxian Gansu 742500,China)

机构地区：[1]陇南师范高等专科学校美术与设计学院,甘肃成县742500

出　　处：《天水师范学院学报》2022年第2期65-75,共11页Journal of Tianshui Normal University

摘　　要：马家塬战国墓以其独特的墓葬形制、华丽复杂的装饰反映了战国晚期生活在当地的西戎部族的文化面貌。其独具地域特征的出土文物工艺精良,尤其一些精致的动物纹饰引人注目。其中的“狼形车饰”兼具了狼和犬的造型特征,和犬戎的图腾崇拜有关,其主人或是西戎群体中犬戎的一支,或是融合了犬戎文化的一支西戎部族。犬戎图腾崇拜物在马家塬战国墓地的出现,必然有其历史发展的内在原因,应与犬戎族的迁徙及其与商、周、秦、戎狄等民族的碰撞融合有关,体现了马家塬战国墓葬鲜明的文化特征和丰富的文化内涵。The tomb of the Warring States period in Majiayuan reflects the cultural features of the Xirong tribe living there in the late Warring States period with its unique burial structure and gorgeous and complex decoration. Its unique regional characteristics of the unearthed cultural relics are excellent, and some delicate animal decorations are eye-catching. Among them, the“Wolf shaped car decoration”has both the modeling characteristics of wolves and dogs, which is related to the totem worship of Quanrong. Its owner is either a quanrong group or a Tribe of West Rong that integrates the culture of quanrong. The appearance of the quanrong totem idol in the tombs of the Warring States period in Majiayuan must have its inherent historical reasons, which should be related to the migration of quanrong ethnic group and its collision and fusion with Shang, Zhou, Qin and Rongdi ethnic groups, reflecting the distinct cultural characteristics and rich cultural connotations of the tombs of the Warring States period in Majiayuan.

关 键 词：马家塬战国墓 狼形车饰 犬戎 图腾崇拜 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]