锂离子电池富镍正极基础科学问题:氢氧化物前驱体结晶调控及机制  

Basic scientific problems of nickel rich cathode materials for Li-ion battery:Regulation and mechanism for crystallization of hydroxide precursor

作　　者：王鑫 任莉 王硕 张燕辉 左美华 张军 吕根品 向伟[1,2,3] WANG Xin;REN Li;WANG Shuo;ZHANG Yanhui;ZUO Meihua;ZHANG Jun;LV Genpin;XIANG Wei(School of Materials,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Yibin Guangyuan Lithium-Electric Materials Co.,Ltd.,Yibin 644000,China;Shaoguan HEC Technology R&D Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院,成都610059 [2]宜宾光原锂电材料有限公司,宜宾644000 [3]韶关东阳光科技研发有限公司,韶关512000

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2022年第5期1995-2013,共19页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21805018);四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0134)。

摘　　要：富镍锂过渡金属氧化物正极具有高容量及高工作电压的优点,是理想的高能量动力电池材料。富镍锂过渡金属氧化物正极的性能主要受其氢氧化物前驱体的结构、形貌、粒径等因素影响。一次晶粒和二次颗粒形貌与尺寸可控的球形氢氧化物前驱体是制备优异电化学性能的富镍正极材料的关键。氢氧化物前驱体沉淀结晶过程中工艺参数会影响前驱体性能,其生长机制对于调控沉淀结晶具有指导意义。本论文首先介绍了沉淀结晶相关基础理论,其次探讨了富镍正极材料氢氧化物前驱体沉淀结晶生长机制和沉淀反应因素对氢氧化物物理及化学性能影响,最后介绍了合成单晶、放射状和核壳结构等特殊富镍正极材料的前驱体。The nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxide cathode is an ideal high-energy power battery material due to its high capacity and high working voltage.Its performance is mainly affected by the structure,morphology,particle size and other factors of its hydroxide precursor.The spherical hydroxide precursor with controllable morphology and size of primary grain and secondary particles is the key for the preparation of nickel-rich cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance.During the precipitation and crystallization process of hydroxide precursor,the process parameters will affect the performance of the precursor,and its growth mechanism has guiding significance for regulating the precipitation and crystallization.This paper reviews the basic theories related to precipitation crystallization,then discusses the growth mechanism of precipitation crystallization for hydroxide precursors of nickel-rich cathode materials and the influence of precipitation reaction factors on the physical and chemical properties of hydroxide.At last,the precursors for the synthesis of nickel-rich cathode materials with special structures such as single crystal,radial and core-shell structures are introduced.

关 键 词：富镍正极材料 氢氧化物前驱体 共沉淀 成核 结晶 生长机制 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]