温室番茄水肥一体化自动灌溉参数的优化  

Optimization of Automatic Fertigation Parameters for Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：梁新书[1] 廉晓娟[1] 王艳[1] 王正祥[1] LIANG Xinshu;LIAN Xiaojuan;WANG Yan;WANG Zhengxiang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300192)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第10期56-62,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：天津市科技支撑重点资助项目(17YFZCNC00280);天津市农业科学院青年科研人员创新研究与实验资助项目(2021006)。

摘　　要：以日光温室秋冬茬和冬春茬番茄为试材,在结果期共设5个灌溉下限,对应的土壤相对含水量分别为95%FC(田间持水量)、90%FC、80%FC、70%FC及60%FC,系统研究了对产量、果实品质、水肥利用率及土壤理化性质的影响,以期为番茄实现自动水肥一体化模式提供参考依据。结果表明:当土壤含水量灌溉下限为95%FC时,会导致灌水施肥频次增加,水肥投入量增加并不会引起番茄增产,而会导致灌溉水利用率和肥料偏生产力的下降,土壤养分和盐分的富集;当土壤含水量灌溉下限为60%FC时,虽然灌溉频次和水肥投入量均下降,灌溉水利用率和肥料偏生产力会显著提高,并改善果实品质,但可能会造成番茄一定量的减产,施肥量不足不利于土壤肥力的保持;80%FC和70%FC 2个处理水肥投入相对合理,既可保证番茄较高产量、灌溉水利用率和肥料偏生产力,还可一定程度上改善果实品质,但70%FC处理在冬春茬造成了一定程度的产量下降;综上所述,当土壤含水量灌溉下限为80%FC时,番茄全生育期灌水总量秋冬茬为147mm,冬春茬为291mm,可作为秋冬茬和冬春茬番茄自动水肥管理的合理灌溉参数。Taking tomatoes in the solar greenhouse autumn-winter season and winter-spring season as test materials,an experiment set five irrigation lower limits during the fruiting period of tomato,and the corresponding soil relative water contents were respectively 95%FC(field water holding capacity),90%FC,80%FC,70%FC and 60%FC,systematically studying the effects of different water treatments on the yield and fruit quality of tomato,water and fertilizer use efficiency and soil physical and chemical properties,in order to provide reference for the eutomatic water and fortilizer integration mode.The results showed that when the lower irrigation limit of soil water content was 95%FC,the frequencies and amounts of irrigation and fertilization were raised.But the yield was not improved,leading to decreasing the irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity and increasing nutrients and salt in soil.When the lower irrigation limit of soil water content was 60%FC,although the application frequencies and inputs and water and fertilizer and the yield of tomato were reduced,the fruit quality of tomato and efficiencies of irrigation water and fertilizer were significantly increased.In addition,the insufficient amount of fertilizer was not conducive to the maintenance of soil fertility.Due to the reasonable inputs of water and fertilizer,the 80%FC and 70%FC treatments could ensure higher tomato yield and fruit quality,irrigation water utilization and fertilizer partial productivity,but the 70%FC treatment could cause a certain degree reduction in yield under the winter-spring season.Generally,when the lower irrigation limit of soil water content was 80%FC,the total amount of irrigation water during the whole growth period of tomatoes was 147mm in autumnwinter season and respectively was 291mm in winter-spring season,which was a reasonable irrigation parameter for automatic water and fertilizer management of tomato in a solar greenhouse.

关 键 词：番茄 灌溉参数 水肥一体化 自动灌溉 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]