不同栽培方法红托竹荪产值与品质综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Output Value and Quality of Phallus rubrovolvatus With Different Cultivation Methods

作　　者：曾维军 杨玲 罗丽平 康超 王万坤 郑旋 ZENG Weijun;YANG Ling;LUO Liping;KANG Chao;WANG Wankun;ZHENG Xuan(Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550009)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物研究所,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第10期102-110,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：贵州省科技计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2376号,黔科合支撑[2019]2451号-5);贵州省科技重大专项资助项目(黔科合重大专项字ZWCQ[2019]3013-5号)。

摘　　要：以贵州红托竹荪为试材,通过比较菌棒覆土法和木材覆土法处理下的红托竹荪产值相关指标,采用因子分析方法,研究了2种栽培方法对子实体菌盖、菌柄、菌托3个部位的营养物质、矿质元素、重金属含量的影响,以期为红托竹荪提质增效提供参考依据。结果表明:菌棒覆土法与木材覆土法相比,红托竹荪的每公顷栽培投入成本下降39.18%,产值、利润分别提升26.15%、60.49%;子实体粗多糖、氨基酸含量分别提高25.90%、18.68%,人体必需氨基酸含量下降20.36%,其中废弃的菌托粗多糖含量提高42.23%;子实体的磷、钾、镁、钙、锰、锌含量提高,菌柄的砷、汞、镉含量降低。综合所有品质因素,菌棒覆土法处理的子实体3个部位的综合得分排名前三,所以该方法下的红托竹荪品质较优。与木材覆土法相比,菌棒覆土法投入成本低,收获的红托竹荪品质优、废弃物加工利用潜力大、产值和利润高。Taking Phallus rubrovolvatus of Guizhou as test material,the relevant indicators of the output value of Phallus rubrovolvatus were compared under the fungus nutrient bar covered soil method and wood covered soil method.And the factor analysis method was used to study the effects of two cultivation methods on the nutrient,mineral elements,and heavy metal contents of the three parts of the fruit body cap,stalk,and stent,in order to provide reference for improving the quality and efficiency of Phallus rubrovolvatus.The results showed that compared with the method of covering the soil with the fungus sticks,the cost per hectare of the cultivation input of Phallus rubrovolvatus was reduced by 39.18%,and the output value and profit were increased by 26.15%and 60.49%respectively.The content of crude polysaccharide and amino acid in the fruiting body increased by 25.90%and 18.68%respectively,the content of essential amino acids in the human body decreased by 20.36%,and the content of crude polysaccharide in the discarded mycelium increased by 42.23%.The content of phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,calcium,manganese and zinc in the fruiting body increased,and the content of arsenic,mercury and cadmium in the stipe decreased.Combining all the quality factors,the comprehensive scores of the three parts of the fruiting body treated by the fungus stick soil-covering method ranked the top three,so the quality of Phallus rubrovolvatus under this method was better.On the whole,compared with the method of covering soil with wood,the method of covering soil with fungus sticks has low input cost,high quality of harvested Phallusrubrovolvatus,great potential for waste processing and utilization,and high output value and profit.

关 键 词：栽培方法 红托竹荪 产值 品质 

分 类 号：S646.8[农业科学—蔬菜学]