“上/下+N处所”结构的历史来源及其认知理据——以“上厕所”和“下厨房”为例  

Historical Origin and Cognitive Motivation of the Structure“Shang/Xia+Noun(Location)”:Taking“Shang Cesuo”and“Xia Chufang”as Examples

作　　者：吴慧[1] 胡敏瑶 WU Hui;HU Min-yao(School of Arts,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;School of Intensive Chinese Training,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学文学院,江西南昌330022 [2]北京语言大学汉语速成学院,北京100083

出　　处：《唐山师范学院学报》2022年第2期27-33,共7页Journal of Tangshan Normal University

基　　金：江西省高等学校教学改革研究课题(JXJG-20-2-26)。

摘　　要：以语料分析为基础,在BCC语料库中筛选出样本,对与“上”“下”搭配的处所宾语进行分类与量化,发现“上+N_(处所)”与“下+N_(处所)”结构在数量上存在不对称性,前者的使用范围大于后者。从分析“上/下”与处所宾语搭配时的义项出发,运用认知语言学相关理论,结合历史因素,探讨了“上厕所”与“下厨房”说法的来源及其理据,发现“上厕所”表“排泄”义及“下厨房”表“准备食物”义均与转喻有关,结合历史角度的考察,发现前者还受避忌求雅的心理因素影响,后者则与尊卑观念有关。Based on corpus analysis,the locative objects with“shang”and“xia”in the BCC Corpus are classified and quantified.It is found that the structure of“shang+locative object”and“xia+locative object”is not symmetrical in quantity.And the scope of the former is larger than that of the latter.Secondly,starting from analyzing the meanings of“shang”and“xia”when combined with the object of the place,the origins and motivations of the expressions of“shang cesuo”and“xia chufang”are discussed in details by using the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics and combining with historical factors.It is found that the meanings of“excreting”in“shang cesuo”and“preparing food”in“xia chufang”are both related to metonymy.Combined with diachronic perspective,it is found that the former is also influenced by the psychological factors of avoiding taboos and pursuing elegances,while the latter is related to the concept of superiority and inferiority.

关 键 词：上/下+N_(处所) 上厕所 下厨房 认知 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]