大葱小孢子发育时期细胞学与形态特征观察  

Observation on Cytological and Morphological Characteristics of Floral Organs in Different Developmental Stages of Allium fistulosum

作　　者：贾俊香[1] 李娜[1] 杨国栋[1] 田云[1] 蒋欣陶 崔连伟[1] JIA Jun-xiang(Institute of Vegetables,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2022年第5期1-3,29,共4页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-24-A-08);辽宁省农业攻关及产业化项目(2020JH2/10200015)。

摘　　要：[目的]探索不同基因型大葱品种花蕾各发育时期,并对其与花器官外部形态的相关性进行研究。[方法]利用改良石碳酸复红染液方法对3份不同发育时期的大葱花蕾进行细胞学和形态特征观察。[结果]当花蕾纵径在4.700~6.133 mm,花蕾纵横比在2.133~2.390,花药长在2.0~2.6 mm,药被比在0.507~0.517时,单核中后期比例的小孢子达到最高,花蕾饱满,花被紧密包裹着花药,花药黄绿色。[结论]可根据花器官形态特征来判断发育时期,为大葱小孢子培养提供科学依据。[Objective] Development stages of flower buds of different genotypes of Allium fistulosum cultivars and their correlation with the external morphology of flower organs were studied.[Method] The cytological and morphological characteristics of flower buds at different developmental stages of three materials were observed by using modified carbolic acid complex red dye method.[Result] It was found that there was a close relationship between the developmental stage of microspore and flower organ morphology.The results indicated that when the longitudinal diameter of flower buds ranged 4.70-6.133 mm,the ratio between longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of flower buds ranged 2.133-2.390,the length of anther ranged 2.0-2.6 mm,and the ratio of anther length and perianth length ranged 0.507-0.517,the proportion of microspore in the middle and late-single nucleus stage reached the highest,the anther was tightly wrapped by the perianth,the flower buds are plump and the anthers are yellow-green.[Conclusion] The developmental stage could be judged according to the morphological characteristics of floral organs,which would provide scientific basis for anther culture.

关 键 词：大葱 发育时期 细胞学 形态特征 

分 类 号：S633.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]