玻耳兹曼熵的演变过程  

The Development of Boltzmann Entropy

作　　者：苏都毕力格 咏梅[1] Sudubilige;Yongmei(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期385-392,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11465014)。

摘　　要：熵概念自克劳修斯1865年提出以来被赋予多种解释,其中玻耳兹曼的统计解释有广泛影响。玻耳兹曼熵关系式被人们熟知,但玻耳兹曼熵概念探究历程没有得到重视。通过梳理玻耳兹曼在不同时期发表的论文,解读其逐步推进熵概念的研究过程,从最初力学原理解释热力学第二定律再到推广麦克斯韦速度分布律;1868年提出量子化观念,进一步统计解释热力学第二定律和熵关系式。其中经历的几个重大突破是不断创新的过程,对当今科学创新仍有借鉴作用。There are many interpretations for concept of entropy since Clausius proposed it in 1865,among which Boltzmann′s statistical interpretation has great influence in academic field.Although the Boltzmann′s entropy is known very well,the formation process of the concept has not been paid more attention now.In this paper,the formation of concept of entropy is reviewed by researching Boltzmann′s papers published in different periods,and a detailed description of the second law of thermodynamics from the initial mechanical principle to promoting Maxwell′s law of velocity distribution is presented.The concept of quantum proposed in 1868 gave the relationship of second law of thermodynamics and entropy more acceptable explanation with statistics.The major breakthroughs it experienced are very good examples of the innovation,which are great helpful for the current scientific research.

关 键 词：玻耳兹曼 熵 概率统计 统计力学 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] O4-09[理学—物理]