自然度评价应用于城市生物多样性保护的研究进展  

Research Progress in Naturalness Assessment of Urban Biodiversity Conservation

作　　者：张贇 张银龙 吴永波[1,2] 李海东 ZHANG Yun;ZHANG Yin-long;WU Yong-bo;LI Hai-dong(College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第6期681-688,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX210101);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502704);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：城市生物多样性为城市生态系统提供了诸多生态系统服务,是实现城市可持续发展的基础。然而,随着城市人类活动加剧,自然景观向人工景观转变,城市生物多样性受到了严重威胁。作为判断生态系统的自然性或人为干扰度的科学方法,自然度评价对城市生物多样性保护和生态系统管理具有重要的指导作用。该文在辨析自然度及其评价概念的基础上,归纳了3种自然度评价方法:指示生物法、自然距离法、多指标综合评价法,从城市生境质量评估、城市景观动态监测、城市生态空间规划3个层面梳理了自然度评价在城市生物多样性保护中的应用研究进展,提出未来应加强城市生态系统自然度评价,并综合考虑生物多样性状态和变化、生态系统完整性、人类干扰和管理决策等因素,进一步将自然度评价纳入土地利用、社会经济和生态效应的综合研究中,揭示城市区域人类活动与生物多样性之间的关系。Urban biodiversity provides diverse ecosystem services for modern cities,and serves a fundamental role in maintaining sustainable urban development.However,potential threats to urban biodiversity have been increasing along with intensified human perturbations and the consequent transformation from natural landscape to artificial landscape.Naturalness assessment has been widely applied to identify the natural attributes or hemeroby,and to inform urban biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management.In this study,three naturalness assessment methods were summarized based on the concept of naturalness and its assessment.The three methods are indicator biology method,natural distance method,and multi-index comprehensive assessment method.The research progress of naturalness assessment applied in urban biodiversity conservation has been broadly reviewed from the aspects of urban habitat quality assessment,urban landscape dynamic monitoring,and urban ecological space planning.It is proposed that the naturalness assessment of urban ecosystems should be evaluated in a more comprehensive perspective by taking biodiversity status and changes,ecosystem integrity,human disturbance and management decision-making into consideration,and naturalness assessment should be further incorporated into the studies of land use,socio-economic and ecological effects,as well as to reveal the relationship between human activities and biodiversity in urban area.

关 键 词：自然度 人为干扰度 城市生态系统 城市生物多样性 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q143[生物学—生态学]