网络数字化时代恐怖组织的融资方式与特点及应对  

Sources,Characteristics of Terrorist Organization Financing and Countermeasures in the Network and Digital Era

作　　者：朱素梅[1] ZHU Sumei(Department of International Politics,University of International Relations)

机构地区：[1]国际关系学院国际政治系,北京100091

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2022年第2期118-138,159,160,共23页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能时代中美国际安全危机管控研究”(20BGJ063)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：资金是恐怖组织赖以生存的基础。从目前世界各地主要恐怖组织获取资金情况看,其主要资金来源为非法活动、“合法”活动以及慈善机构和非盈利组织的捐赠等。这些筹资手段对恐怖组织来说各有利弊,相比“合法”活动较强的安全性,非法手段风险较大且容易失去民众的支持。但非法活动无需太多技巧,操作简单且容易获利,因而是恐怖组织最常用的融资手段。随着国际金融反恐的推进,恐怖组织获取资金的渠道不断被发现和阻断,这迫使恐怖组织根据反恐形势变化不断调整融资策略,其资金来源日益多元化,并呈现出新的特点:恐怖组织融资趋向低额化,互联网成为恐怖组织筹资的重要平台,利用虚拟货币进行融资成为一个值得关注的新趋势。新冠疫情以来,“伊斯兰国”等恐怖势力反弹,其募集资金的能力持续强大,新型恐怖组织在恐怖融资的渠道和手段等方面比传统恐怖组织更有“创意”、更为多元。为应对新形势下恐怖组织融资的挑战,应通过国际和地区合作以及在技术层面采取措施,并从意识形态和社会层面予以治理。Money is the basis on which terrorist organizations survive.The main sources of financing of the major terrorist groups worldwide are illegal activities,legal activities,donations from charities and non-profit organizations.These sources of funding have both advantages and disadvantages for terrorist organizations.Compared with the security of legal activities,illegal activities take high risks and are prone to losing public support.However,illegal activities do not need skills and are easy to operate and make a profit.Therefore they are the most frequently used method by terrorist groups.With the development of international financial counter-terrorism,terrorist groups frequently change their funding tactics.Their sources of funding are more and more diversified with some new features.The costs of terrorist financing tend to be lower.Internet becomes an important platform for terrorist financing;The use of virtual currency for terrorist financing becomes a trend of concern.The pandemic has seen the revival of IS and other terror groups.Their capabilities to raise funds are increasing.A new type of terror group is more“creative”and more diversified.This poses great challenges for financial counterterrorism.The erosion of the financial systems by new terror groups harms financial security.To meet the challenges of terrorist financing under a new situation,measures should be taken from the perspective of international and regional cooperation and technology.Governance is needed from the perspective of ideology and society.

关 键 词：网络数字化 恐怖组织融资 虚拟货币 反恐国际合作 社会治理 

分 类 号：F831[经济管理—金融学] D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]